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1449
Birth of Lorenzo de’ Medici
The most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. -
1455
Gutenberg prints the first Bible
Gutenberg produced what is considered to be the first book ever printed: a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany. -
1503
Michelangelo sculpts the David
a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". -
1516
Thomas More writes Utopia
A work of fiction and socio-political satire -
1517
Martin Luther posts 95 Theses on the door of Castle Church
the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. -
1534
King Henry VIII begins Protestant Anglican church
Under King Henry VIII in the 16th century, the Church of England broke with Rome, largely because Pope Clement VII refused to grant Henry an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. -
1543
Nicolas Copernicus publishes On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres
published just before his death, placed the sun at the center of the universe and argued that the Earth moved across the heavens as one of the planets. -
1564
William Shakespeare is born
Born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. -
Galileo invents a thermometer
a Galilean thermometer typically looks like a tall, sealed glass cylinder containing clear liquid in which several small glass bulbs are floating.