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476
Fall of Rome
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476
Plainchant
Style of song that was monophonic and sacred. It used the church modes and free rhythm -
476
Middles Ages Music
Divine and Cosmic; either from God or the planets and stars. -
Period: 476 to 1450
School of Notre Dame
School of thought split into two periods. Romanesque (850-1150) and Gothic (1150-1450) -
490
The Mass
Main part of Church service consisting of the Ordinary and the Proper. Ordinary had --> Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. Proper had --> Alleluia, gradual, offertory, etc -
800
Organum
First style of polyphony; used parallel 4ths and 5ths -
Period: 991 to 1033
Guido d'Arezzo
Man credited w/ inventing the staff; used a red line for F and yellow for C -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Founded convent and was famous for her prophecies and revelations. Traveled and preached, with a style more complex than Gregorian chant -
Period: 1150 to 1201
Leonin
First polyphony composer we know the name of; compiled Magnus liber ogani (c. 1170) -
Period: 1155 to 1207
Raimbaut de Vaqueira
Poem writer from Southern France who wrote at least 35 poems, though only 7 survived with music -
1170
Discant Organum
Used 6 rhythmic modes and was the first to have notated rhythm. All were patterned and in 6/8 time -
1200
Perotin
Composer of organum, could have possibly studied w/ Leonin -
1200
Organum Triplum
Written by Perotin in early 13th century, it is a 3 part organum -
1200
Development of Notation
Happened in the 13th/14th century; shifted music from oral tradition to planned and preserved -
1270
Medieval Motet
Late 1200s, music became more text than chant, and increasingly complex with instruments being included -
Period: 1291 to 1377
Philippe de Vitry
First composer of Ars Nova -
1300
Instrumental Music
Mostly improvised music for dancing. Instruments/inventions include --> Recorder, Harp, Psaltery, Organ, Trumpet, Sackbut, Crumhorn, Shawm, Cornetto, Rebec, Vielle, Lute, Dulcimer, and Theorbo -
Period: 1300 to 1350
Ars Nova
new art that included rhythmic polyphony. Motet was the vehicle for it -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
Most popular composer/poet of the time; everyone would sign his name on their pieces. Over 20 extant motets -
1322
Ars nova notandi
Book that describes and explains Ars nova in the 14th century -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
Theorist, composer, poet, organist; most famous Italian composer of 14th century -
1340
Bubonic Plague
boy howdy did people die -
Period: 1390 to 1453
Dunstable
English composer that used more 3rds/6ths in harmonies that developed triadic music. Works not published until 1953 -
Period: 1397 to 1474
Dufay
First Renaissance composer -
Period: 1420 to 1497
Ockeghem
Low bass composer -
1430
Compass development
Made traveling easier; music expand more and enable discovery of more lands -
1430
Renaissance Dance Music
Instrumental still mostly for dancing; played by professionals and amateurs. Still mostly improved and embellished with improv -
Period: 1430 to
The Renaissance
Rebirth and new exploration of the arts, science, and religion. Originated in Italy but spread outwards -
Period: 1430 to 1521
Josquin
Music so popular that others would pass it off as his. 100+ motets, 17 masses, and more -
Period: 1435 to 1511
Tinctoris
Wrote first dictionary of musical terms and wrote about contemporary music -
1450
Renaissance Sacred Music
Ordinary of the Mass now polyphonic and a cappella (in manner of the church) --> Masses, Motets, and Hymns are the genres -
Period: 1450 to 1521
Prez
Most revered Renaissance composer -
Period: 1450 to 1517
Isaac
German composer -
Period: 1452 to 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
Influential Renaissance artist -
Period: 1490 to 1562
Willaert
Father of text expression -
1500
Renaissance Secular music
Frottola (pop), Madrigals, Chansons, and poetic things set to music -
1504
Frottola
Pop music of later Renaissance that was for solo singers. They were poems in Italian -
Period: 1504 to 1511
Petrucci
early music publisher; 11 vol. of frottola -
Period: 1505 to
Tallis
Pushed extremes of parts --> 40 part voice motet -
Period: 1507 to 1568
Arcadelt
Early Italian madrigal composer; over 250 magrigals -
Period: 1516 to 1565
de Rore
Italian Madrigal composer -
1517
Lutheran Reformation
Led by Martin Luther to reform the Catholic church and corruption -
Period: 1521 to
de Monte
Most prolific composer of Renaissance -
Period: 1525 to
Palestrina
Most famous composer from Renaissance -
Period: 1525 to
Palestrina
Most posthumous fame -
1530
Italian Madrigal
One voice on each part, aristocratic poetry -
Period: 1532 to
di Lasso
As important as Josquin and Palestrina -
Period: 1543 to
Byrd
Catholic English composer in Protestant England -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
Set guidelines for music/musicians as response to reformation --> clearly understood words, no secular, act reverently -
Period: 1548 to
de Victoria
Palestrina style while working in Spain -
Period: 1557 to
Gabrieli
Leading composer of instrumental music; studied w/ di Lasso -
Period: 1557 to
Morely
English Madrigal composer -
1562
High Renaissance Style
Madrigal and other dances more popular with the Counter-Reformation -
Period: 1564 to
Shakespeare
Wrote plays and had composer friends write Renaissance-style songs for them -
Period: 1567 to
Monteverdi
Moved music from Renaissance style to Baroque -
Period: 1570 to
Farmer
Wrote "Fair Phyllis" (1599); English composer active in Dublin/London -
Period: 1575 to
Weelkes
English Madrigal composer -
Word Painting
Compositional device where composer sets text and meaning so that music reflects the words