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Apr 2, 742
Birth
Charles I was born to his parents, Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, in Aachen. He was the eldest of the kids in his family.
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Period: Apr 2, 742 to
Charlemagne's lifespan
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Jan 15, 772
Saxon Wars
Charlemagne declares wat on the Saxons and makes his first attack on this Germanic tribe It turns out to be a succesful raid. This marked the beginning of a prolonged period of struggle versus the pagan tribes who were decentralized at the time.
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Jun 5, 774
Siege of Pavia
Pope Hadrian I desires Charlemagne's help in regards to king Desiderius invading his territory. After completely surrounding Paris, he ended up conquering Lombardy because of the city's lack of preparing to fight. After the battle, Charles was crowned the King of Lombards in Pavia. As the title of King, he promised to protect the lands belonging to that of the Papal. -
Battle of Roncevaux Pass
This battle, which took place in Saragossa, Spain, was unsuccessful for Charlemagne's army, in particular for Roland, who was the rear guard for the fighting force. It is preceded by an ambush at Pamplona towards Charlemagne's army after they had been retreating for a while. This is followed by a siege in Navarre led by the Basques. image:http://fineartamerica.com/featured/battle-of-roncevaux-pass-778-knight-everett.html -
Admonito generalis
Charles issues a compilation of legislation called Admonito generalis. These laws pertained to religious and educational reform in the Frankish kingdom. This helped organize the discipline and structure of the government as well as having an affect on the ecclesiastical standards.
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Pepin is crowned King
Charles visits Rome with one of the clerics from his court to see the Roman Empire's remnants along with the papacy. In the same year, he orderes the Pope to crown his son, Pepin, as the King of Italy.
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Massacre of Verden
As a result of the attacks by Windukind during the Saxon Wars, this flares up Charlemagne's anger, which leads him to have nearly 4,500 Saxon prisoners at war executed in Verden.
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Brenton Rebellion
Charlemagne organized an attack by his army against the Bentons when they made the choice to disobey his orders. Eventually, the people surrendered the captives back to Charlemagne. -
Death
Charlemagne catches the illness pleurisy, falls into a deep depression, and dies in Aachen.
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Ending of Saxon Wars
The Saxon Wars come to an end after a long 32 years. -
The Charter of Modern Thought
Charles presents a capitulary, "The Charter of Modern Thought", with a goal in mind to launch educational reforms into both the monastic and cathedral schools throughout the empire. He does this by demanding abbots and bishops to encourage studying and teaching. Schools are built near monasteries and churches in order to further provide education for the people. -
Annexing Bavaria
Charlemagne invades, conquers, and annexes the empire of Bavaria. -
Charles is crowned
After his many accomplishmnets and sucessful reign thus far, Charlemagne comes to Rome when Pope Leo III claims his innocence abnd redeems the papacy. Soon after, Charles gets crowned as the emporer of the Holy Roman Empire also known as "Charles the Great" by Leo, which now has made him the official ruler.
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Crowning of Louis
After two of Charles' sons die, he crowns Louis, which is his only living son at the time. Later in life, Louis becomes known as "the Pious" and helped his dad rule the empire until he died. -
Frankish-Byzantine War (801 - 810)
Charlemagne and the Byzantine Emporer,Nicephorus I, had the same desire for ocntrol of the coast in Dalmatia and Venetia and a war broke out (in 801). The war went in the Franks favor because of another conflict distracting the Nicephorus from this one. In the end, the Byzantines came to a peace agreement. Charles had to give up some of his conquered lands such as the Dalmatian coast, but in return, he was able to acquire the recognition of being named the Emperor of the West. -
Wars with the Avars (791-796)
Charles launches a sequence of crusades against the Avars along with the help of his son Pepin. Charles accumlates lots of silver and gold here. The outcome is that the Avars are ultimately destroyed after a prolonged battle. The Palace of Aachen is also constructed, which was a cluster of buildings and had various functions for the people.
image: http://hoocher.com/Charlamagne/Charlemagne.html
