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when the Church retained the right to appoint bishops, but in the Emperor’s presence.
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The great goal of uniting Germany and Italy was never achieved. During the early 1200s Emperor Frederick II tried to bring the two regions together under imperial rule. He failed. Each country also remained divided into small, independent cities and feudal states. The emperor had little real control over the fragmented kingdom. Italy remained divided into three regions. Northern Italy (controlled by the Lombard cities), Papal States held power in Italy’s center, and the kingdom of Sicily control
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