-
1519
Charles V (I of Spain) Holy Roman Empire emperor
Due to the death of Maximilian I, his grandfather, he was chosen to inherit the throne by the seven great electors of the Holy Roman Empire.
The election was followed by three coronation ceremonies; the first was held in the Palatine Chapel in Aachen, the former imperial capital. The second coronation was that of "king of Burgones" which had no established place and the third in Rome.
image -
1525
Introduction of the potato in Europe
It was introduced by Pedro Cieza de León. At first, the kings and aristocrats used the potatoes to make their gardens prettier. However, it was so easy to growth that the cultivation spread throughout Europe as a livestock feed.
image -
1543
Publication of the work of Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a man who dedicated almost his entire life to the study and observation of the firmament. The data he collected over the years was reflected in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, in which he set out the theory that the stars revolve around the Sun. Copernicus is considered to be the initiator of the scientific revolution that accompanied the European Renaissance.
image -
1545
Exploitation of the Potosí mines in Bolivia
The silver mines of Potosí produced approximately half of the silver in Europe and 80% of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Potosí was for many years the richest and most populous city in South America due to the mines.
image -
1563
Closure of the Council of Trent
Carlos V is betrayed by his ally Mauricio de Sajonia, who joins the protestants and attacks the emperor in Innsbruck, causing the council to be suspended. image -
1571
Battle of Lepanto
The goal of the Ottoman Empire to conquer new lands in the western and central Mediterranean and spread its religion there was the main reason for the Battle of Lepanto.
The Holy League was an alliance created by Spain, Venice, and the Papal States to combat the Ottoman menace. Lepanto was the great Christian victory over the Turks, which startled all of Europe when it was announced.
image -
Peace of Vervins
The Peace of Vervins was signed between the Spanish king Felipe II and the French Enrique IV due to the bad economic situation in Spain. Philip II's objective in signing this treaty was to be able to leave his heir, Philip III, a peace agreement with France. This agreement validated the pacts that the Habsburg monarch had established with Henry II in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, almost 40 years earlier.
image -
Beginning of the Thirty Years' War
It began as a religious confrontation between Protestants and Catholics in the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. It was considered the first great European war because in a short time the main European states began to participate: France, England, Spain, Denmark, etc.
image -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
-
Galileo Galilei is sentenced
Just to defend the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei spent the last years of his life shut up in his house. The Catholic Church condemned Galileo Galilei for heresy in 1633, and he remained faithful to his method until his death in 1642, the same year Isaac Newton was born.
image -
Luis XIV begins his reign
Since assuming power, Luis XIV has used a Sun as his emblem, earning him the title "Sun King." In fact, the French monarch saw himself as a representative of God on earth and an infallible being, because God had granted him power.
image -
Peace of Westphalia
After 30 years of fighting, the Thirty Years' War came to an end with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia, which helped contemporary Europe center itself around the idea of sovereign states. The development of the modern State depends on this Peace.
image -
Newton formulated the law of gravity
Isaac Newton states that the force of attraction between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
image -
Period: to
Glorious revolution in England
The revolution of 1688 gave England a legally regulated system of liberties. He did not give him a written constitution. But it gave him something as important as that: a rule of law and a parliamentary system. -
-
The Bank of London is founded
It was the symbol of the economic power of the United Kingdom, founded six years after the Glorious Revolution.
image -
Period: to
War of succession to the Spanish crown
-
Death of Luis XIV, succession of the throne to Luis XV
Luis XIV fell into a state of semi-coma on the 31st and died on the morning of September 1, four days before his 77th birthday. His corpse was exposed for eight days in the Hall of Mercury, so that the subjects of the Sun King would pay their respects to him.
image -
Period: to
War of succession in Poland
The king Louis XV of France, finding that he could not reach Russia in his attacks, declared war on the Holy Roman Empire, whose emperor was Charles VI, the same one who had disputed the crown of Spain with Philip V. -
Period: to
War of Austrian succession
It was a warlike conflict that involved most of the powers in Europe over the question of the right of succession of Maria Teresa I of Austria for the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Empire, after the death of Emperor Charles VI.
The war ended with the Treaty of Aachen in 1748, by which Maria Theresa was confirmed as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary, but Prussia retained control of Silesia. -
Publication of The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu defined political virtue as the intimate principle of the republic, honor as the essential principle for the monarchy, and fear as the vital principle for despotism. Therefore, each type of government needs to act according to its principles in order to maintain its authority.
image -
First volume of the Encyclopedia
This publication sparked strong opposition in some sectors of French society, and the work continued despite widespread criticism.
image -
Period: to
Seven Years War
The Seven Years' War was caused by the desire of the great European powers for commercial control. Leading to the death of thousands of people, the weakening of France and the colonial strengthening of Great Britain.
The peace treaties that ended the Seven Years' War represented a victory for Great Britain and Prussia, and for France the loss of most of its possessions in America and Asia. -
Publication of The Social Contract
It is a work on political philosophy and deals mainly with the freedom and equality of men under a State instituted by means of a social contract. The society that Rousseau proposes, according to a second and new social contract, defends the self-limited freedom of and for each citizen, and equality through the laws that control and make excessive wealth and excessive poverty impossible.
image -
Period: to
American War of Independence
The American Revolutionary War was a war that pitted the original Thirteen British Colonies in North America against the Kingdom of Great Britain. It ended with the British defeat at the Battle of Yorktown and the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The main consequences of the Independence of the United States, were the weakening of Great Britain which, after the loss of its North American colonies, reoriented the geographical bases of its colonial Empire towards Asia, Africa and Oceania. -
Beginning of the French Revolution
The causes of the French Revolution were: Monarchical absolutism, characterized by the unlimited power of the sovereign, whose authority was not subject to any control. Social, political and economic inequality. The lack of freedoms and rights.
image
