The Old: Kingdom Early Dynastic Period to the First Intermediate Period / The Middle Kingdom: First Intermediate Period to the Second Intermediate Period

The use of Hieroglyphs

3300 BCE

The ancient Egyptians believed that writing was invented by the god Thoth and called their hieroglyphic script. Egyptian hieroglyphic system is believed to be from about 3300 or 3200 BC.

Narmer

3100 BCE

Narmer was a pharaoh of the 1st Dynasty in the Early Dynastic Period. He was the first pharaoh to unite the lands of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Civil War: Reunification Upper and Lower Egypt

3100 BCE

Narmer reunites both Upper and Lower Egypt

Civil War: Death of Qa'a

2890 BCE

After the death of Qa'a, the last pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt, a small war broke out to decide the next pharaoh. The is would lead to the succession Hotepsekhemwy

Civil War: Khasekhemwy reunited Egypt

2690 BCE

Khasekhemwy reunited Egypt after a period of a fragmented political climate

Djoser

2686 BCE

Djoser was a pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. He built the Step Pyramid as part of his necropolis at Saqqara.

Snefru

2600 BCE

Snefru was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty in the time of the Old Kingdom. He is responsible for changing the orientation of the Pyramid's to east-west

Khufu

2589 BCE

Khufu was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty, during the Old Kingdom, and he is responsible for the Great Pyramids of Giza, which still remains as the largest pyramid ever built

Khafre

2570 BCE

Khafre was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty. He built the second largest pyramid at Giza.

Neferefre

2460 BCE

Neferefre, was a pharaoh of the 5th Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. It is beilieved that his reign was short because his pyramids only reached the lower level

Civil War: Due to 4.2kiloyear

2150 BCE

A civil war broke out after a 4.2 kiloyear which is an acidification event that leads to drought. This triggered famines, social disorder ultimately lead to conflict

Civil War: Coup d'état against Neferkare III

2140 BCE

During the reign of Neferkare III, the nomarch of Hieraconopolis Ankhtifi, led a coalition of his nome and Edfu against Thebes.

Centralised Government at Thebes

2134 BCE

Egypt's central government moved when the pharaoh changed his/her capital. The central officials worked out of the royal compound. Thebes served as a government and religious capital for centuries.

Senusret I

1971 BCE

Senusret I was a pharaoh from the 12th Dynasty in the Middle Kingdom. His reign was a time of peace with no records of military campaigns found

Civil War: Death of Nehesy Aasehre

1705 BCE

After the death of Nehesy Aasehre a small civil war

Valley of Kings

1550 BCE

The Pyramids of Giza and the Nile Delta were the tombs of choice for pharaohs of Egypt's Old Kingdom. But New Kingdom pharaohs, who wanted to be closer to the source of their dynastic roots in the south. Instead of build grand pyramids, they chose to build crypts in the hillsof Luxor, now called the Valley of the Kings.