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Tariff of Abominations
The Tariff of Abominations increased tariff rates by up to 50%, which caused extreme distress to Southern regions that relied on foreign trade for inaccessible resources. Many protested the tariff, eventually leading to the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, developed by John C. Calhoun in secret. -
South Carolina Exposition and Protest.
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was a legislature secretly developed by John C. Calhoun that deemed the Tariff of Abominations unconstitutional. Because the tariff was unconstitutional, states were not required to follow or enforce it. -
Tariff Act of 1832
The Tariff Act of 1832 was an attempt to peacefully resolve protests against the Tariff of Abominations by decreasing the previous rates. This attempt failed, however, because South Carolina later developed the Ordinance of Nullification. -
Ordinance of Nullification
The Ordinance of Nullification was adopted in 1832 and determined the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void. The ordinance also threatened secession from the Union if the federal government forced South Carolina to follow the tariffs. -
Proclamation to the People of South Carolina
The Proclamation to the People of South Carolina was a proclamation delivered by President Jackson to the people of South Carolina telling them not to follow to Ordinance of Nullification. He believed that they were being tricked by their leaders, and he advised them not to secede from the union or violently resist federal law because it's treason. -
Force Bill
The Force Bill was passed to force the execution of tariffs and other import taxes in any states that refused to follow them. The bill could not work until the end of the following congressional session.