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THE EUROPEAN CRISIS
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THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKER'S PARTY
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Prohibition and Rise of Organised Crime in the United States
Prohibition (1920-1933) banned alcohol in the U.S., but instead of reducing crime, it made things worse. Gangs like Al Capone's took over the illegal alcohol trade, running speakeasies and making tons of money. This led to more violence and corruption. Prohibition was finally repealed in 1933 because it caused more problems than it solved. -
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THE ROARING TWENTIES
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Mussolini sets up the National Fascist Party in Italy
He pushed for total control and nationalism. His followers, the Blackshirts, used violence to attack his enemies, like communists and socialists. The party promised to fix Italy’s problems, and by 1922, Mussolini became prime minister, starting his fascist rule. -
March on Rome
Mussolini and his Fascist followers marched to Rome, demanding power. The king, scared of violence, let Mussolini become prime minister, which helped him start his fascist rule in Italy. -
General workers' strike in Italy
Workers protested for better pay and conditions, but it didn’t succeed. Mussolini’s Fascists used the chaos to get more control, and soon after, Mussolini became prime minister. -
Adolf Hitler attempts a coup d'état
Adolf Hitler attempted a coup d'état in 1923, known as the Munich Putsch, with the goal of overthrowing the government of the Weimar Republic. The failed attempt led to his arrest and subsequent imprisonment, where he wrote Mein Kampf. -
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THE DAWES PLAN
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Lenin's death
After he suffered from strokes. His death led to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky, with Stalin eventually taking control and becoming the leader of the Soviet Union. -
Stalin introduces his five-year plans
It started to quickly industrialize the Soviet Union. They focused on building factories and increasing farming output, but forced farmers to give up their land, leading to famine and millions of deaths. While the economy grew, it came at a huge human cost. -
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION
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THE YOUNG PLAN
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Wall Street Crash
It was a sudden stock market collapse that started on October 29 (Black Tuesday), caused by over-speculation and panic selling. It wiped out billions of dollars, leading to the Great Depression, with massive unemployment, business failures, and economic hardship. -
Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor (prime minister)
He used the Reichstag Fire as an excuse, he passed the Reichstag Fire Decree to arrest opponents, and later the Enabling Act, which gave him dictatorial powers. This marked the end of democracy in Germany and the start of Nazi rule. -
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ROOSEVELT'S NEW DEAL
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THE THIRD REICH
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The Nuremberg Laws
They were racist laws in Nazi Germany that stripped Jews of their citizenship, banned marriages between Jews and non-Jews, and defined who was considered Jewish. They marked the beginning of legal discrimination against Jews, leading to more persecution under the Nazi regime. -
Stalin introduces a new constitution
Stalin introduced a new constitution that promised rights like voting and free education, but it was mostly for show. In reality, Stalin's regime remained oppressive, with tight control over the people and no true freedoms. -
The Night of the Broken Glass
It was a violent attack on Jews in Nazi Germany and Austria. Mobs destroyed Jewish businesses, synagogues, and homes, killed 90 Jews, and arrested thousands. It marked a major step in the Nazis’ brutal treatment of Jews, leading to more violence and the Holocaust.