The Mexican Education System

  • Period: 1200 to 1521

    Prehispanic era

    The tepochcalli was the teaching center for society in general.
    The calmécac was the school for the sons of nobles, priests and warriors.
    The Ichpochcalli were the schools attended by girls and young women.
    Cuicacalli: They were educational centers, where young people went to learn music and dance, and history through these arts.
  • Jun 20, 1325

    Foundation of Tenochtitlan

    Foundation of Tenochtitlan
    Telpochcalli
    They were centers where they educated young people from the age of 15, to serve the community and for war.
    Calmecac
    Educational center in which the children of nobles received information to occupy important positions.
  • Oct 12, 1492

    Cristóbal Colón arrives in America

    Cristóbal Colón arrives in America
    The conquest of Mexico is the great event where the Mexican people are subjected by the Spanish to seize their territory and their population.
  • 1519

    Hernán Cortés founded Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz

    Hernán Cortés founded Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz
    The Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz was founded by the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés, by Francisco de Montejo and Alonso Hernández de Portocarrero.
  • 1519

    The Spaniards arrive in Tenochtitlan

    The Spaniards arrive in Tenochtitlan
    The Spanish arrive at the great Tenochtitlán and the great emperor Moctezuma receives Cortés with great honors and lodges him in the palace of Axayácatl, and later takes Moctezuma hostage.
  • Period: 1520 to

    Education of the New Spain

  • 1524

    The Franciscans arrive in New Spain

    The Franciscans arrive in New Spain
    A group of twelve Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the newly founded Viceroyalty of New Spain on May 13, 1524 with the aim of converting the indigenous population to Christianity. The group was composed of: Fray Martín de Valencia.
  • 1536

    The College of the Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco is founded

    The College of the Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco is founded
    At the request of Antonio de Mendoza and Fray Juan de Zumárraga, the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco was founded for the higher education of the children of the caciques; opens its courses with sixty students.
  • 1539

    The first printing press was introduced

    The first printing press was introduced
    Thanks to the efforts of the first bishop of New Spain, Fray Juan de Zumárraga, and the viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza, the first printing press was introduced to the colony, which was in fact the first in the entire American continent.
  • 1551

    Opening of the Royal Pontifical University of Mexico

    Opening of the Royal Pontifical University of Mexico
    The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, the first university in the Aztec country. This was created by Carlos V through a royal certificate, on September 21, 1551. The inauguration of the same took place on January 25, 1553. At first it had the name of Royal University of Mexico.
  • 1571

    Foundation of the Tribunal of the Holy Office

    Foundation of the Tribunal of the Holy Office
    The Court of the Holy Office of the Inquisition of New Spain was established in 1571 to exercise ideological and religious control over the population, seeking rules of conduct that would govern life in New Spain.
  • Creation of the San Ildefonso School

    Creation of the San Ildefonso School
    The history of this Jesuit foundation concluded to give way to the institution with a liberal spirit that would lay the foundations of the new educational system and that would later become the main nucleus of the National University. In 1867, the government of Benito Juárez undertook a reform in the field of education and its institutions.
  • Born in San Miguel Nepantla, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

    Born in San Miguel Nepantla, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
    Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, better known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, was a Hieronymite nun and writer from New Spain, an exponent of the Golden Age of Spanish literature. She considered by many as the tenth muse, cu
  • Queretaro Conspiracy

    Queretaro Conspiracy
    War of Independence. The priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla gave the cry of Independence in Dolores.
    An independence plot of Mexican Creoles from Querétaro led by the priest Miguel Hidalgo tries to organize an independence revolt planned for October 1, 1810. Along with Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende, Juan Aldama and Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez participate.
  • Constitution of Apatzingán

    Constitution of Apatzingán
    The main purpose of the Apatzingán constitution was to break all existing links with the Spanish crown and convert the Mexican colony into a free and independent nation.
  • The treaties of Córdoba are signed, Mexico gains independence from Spain

    The treaties of Córdoba are signed, Mexico gains independence from Spain
    After a war that lasted almost eleven years, the superior political leader of New Spain, Juan O'Donojú, and the commander of the Trigarante Army, Agustín de Iturbide, signed the Treaties of Córdoba that agreed to the independence of Mexico, in said city of Veracruz signed the treaties of Córdoba.
  • Period: to

    Independent mexico

  • Lancastrian Schools

    Lancastrian Schools
    Lancastrian schools. It was founded in 1822, in order to serve poor schools and offer Primary Education (Joseph Lancaster) where the most advanced students taught their classmates: Method called Mutual Teaching System.
  • Iturbide is crowned emperor

    Iturbide is crowned emperor
    It is Agustín de Iturbide, the controversial first and only emperor of the country. The Crown accused him of corruption and canceled his command in the army.
  • The Constitution of 1824 is proclaimed

    The Constitution of 1824 is proclaimed
    The Constitution was promulgated on October 4, 1824. Conceived as a pact between the states, it divided the Republic into 19 states and five territories. Each state would elect its government and its congress. The government would be composed of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial.
  • Valentín Gómez Farías proclaims the first Liberal Reform

    Valentín Gómez Farías proclaims the first Liberal Reform
    During the first liberal reform, Valentín Gómez Farías and the writer José María Luis Mora were convinced that it was important to rid the country of the costs of maintaining the clergy and the army, as well as the privileges that both had. They created the reformist party, which wanted equality for all Mexicans before the law. It was the party of the Liberals, of the Federalists.
  • The Seven Laws are proclaimed

    The Seven Laws are proclaimed
    The Seven Laws or Constitution of the centralist regime of 1836 were a series of constitutional instruments that altered the structure of the nascent federal republic of the United Mexican States at the beginning of the 19th century. The third stage was to elaborate and sanction a new constitution.
  • A general study plan was approved in which the common subjects were specified

    A general study plan was approved in which the common subjects were specified
    The Decree of August 18, 1843 of the Ministry of Justice and Public Instruction, on the General Plan of Studies of the Republic, refers in its article 6 to the career of Natural Sciences that is taught in the College of Mining, with the classes of Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Cosmography, Chemistry, Geology, Geodesy, Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology and Practices.
  • When federalism was restored, the subordinate boards became study boards.

    When federalism was restored, the subordinate boards became study boards.
    The first normal schools were established under the Lancastrian system in Zacatecas and Oaxaca, which competed to be the pioneers in this type of teaching (where teaching is "normed" in a course that lasted from four to six months). These normal schools were not in the modern sense of the word, since not a single pedagogy course was given.
  • Constitution of 1857. Mexico becomes a Federal Republic again

    Constitution of 1857. Mexico becomes a Federal Republic again
    The Political Constitution of the Mexican Republic of 1857 was a constitution of liberal ideology drafted by the author of the Constituent Congress of 1857 during the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort.
  • The Tacubaya Plan

    The Tacubaya Plan
    The 1857 Constitution, promulgated on February 5, established a federal representative republic, with a unicameral system that gave preeminence to the Legislative Power over the Executive, which lacked the right of veto. On December 17, 1857, Félix Zuloaga proclaimed the Tacubaya Plan, ignoring the 1857 Constitution
  • The Presidency of Benito Juárez

    The Presidency of Benito Juárez
    Once released, he moved to Guanajuato and there, by operation of law, he assumed the Presidency of the Republic on January 19, 1858, provisionally declaring the city of Guanajuato the capital of the Republic and appointing Santos Degollado and William Prieto
  • Events

    Events
    French intervention in Mexico • solitude agreements Spanish and English troops withdraw • May 5 Great Mexican victory in Puebla.
  • The restored republic

    The restored republic
    The Restored Republic, which begins on July 15, 1867 with the entry of Juárez and his government into Mexico City, and ends with the triumph of the Tuxtepec Revolution, led by Porfirio Díaz in 1876.
  • Gabino Barreda director of the National Preparatory School

    Gabino Barreda director of the National Preparatory School
    It began its work on February 3, 1868, by decree of the then president of Mexico, Benito Juárez. The doctor Gabino Barreda was appointed as the first director on December 17, 1867.
  • Primary education was not yet compulsory in half of the states.

    Primary education was not yet compulsory in half of the states.
    More than 50 percent of the school-age population was still illiterate and educational provision was concentrated in the cities in a country where 70 percent of the population lived in the countryside.
  • The school inspection law is proclaimed

    The school inspection law is proclaimed
    As the Mexican State assumed direct responsibility for providing education to a part of the population, it also found in this education a form or manner of trying to guide the conduct of society.
  • Compulsory Elementary education (6 to 12 years) was established

    Compulsory Elementary education (6 to 12 years) was established
    To achieve this, it was necessary to achieve the goal proposed by the
    Congress; the uniformity of elementary education in the country, under three premises
    fundamental: free, obligatory and secular.
  • Right to Fight for Illiteracy

    Right to Fight for Illiteracy
    Consequences of Illiteracy
    Socio-political vision, the illiterate person cannot understand what his rights are, due to which he is marginalized by society.
  • Los castas War

    Los castas War
    The date is symbolic, May 3, 1901 was designated as a significant date to mark the so-called Caste War, a manifestation in the 19th century of the long resistance and struggle of the Mayan peoples of the Yucatan peninsula against cultural, collective conquest , personal and territorial by the "whites" and their heirs, both physical and cultural and customary.
  • Porfirio Días

    Porfirio Días
    Porfirio Díaz agrees to create the position of vice president on the condition of extending the time in power to 6 years of government.
  • The Society of Medical Inspectors in Schools is established

    The Society of Medical Inspectors in Schools is established
    The schools had dry cleaning material and did not have the infrastructure in conditions to carry out teaching-learning.
  • Schools of rudimentary education are established

    Schools of rudimentary education are established
    Federal Law dictated in the previous year, the first schools destined to the field began to appear. In these schools they only taught to speak, read and write the Spanish language and to execute the fundamental and usual operations of arithmetic.
  • Drafting of the 3rd Constitutional Article

    Drafting of the 3rd Constitutional Article
    The education imparted by the State will tend to harmoniously develop all the faculties of the human being and will foster in him, at the same time, the love of the Homeland and the awareness of international solidarity, independence and justice.
  • The Secretary of Public Education is created

    The Secretary of Public Education is created
    The Secretariat of Public Education is one of the state secretariats that make up the so-called legal cabinet of the President of Mexico. It is the office of the federal executive power in charge of the administration, regulation and promotion of Education.
  • Rural Normal Schools are established

    Rural Normal Schools are established
    Normal Schools are "educational centers dedicated specifically and exclusively to teacher training."
  • Normal Schools are "educational centers dedicated specifically and exclusively to teacher training."

    Normal Schools are "educational centers dedicated specifically and exclusively to teacher training."
    In 1924, it corresponded to Prof. Lauro Aguirre lead a radical transformation, who assumed the management of the campus to leave it converted from 1925 into the National School of Teachers.
  • Period: to

    The National Institute of Pedagogy is created. The Normal School for Non-qualified Teachers is established

  • The rural school is abolished by the urban higher school

    The rural school is abolished by the urban higher school
  • Organic Law of Regulatory Public Education

    Organic Law of Regulatory Public Education
    Teaching provided in private educational establishments
    primary, secondary and normal and that of any type or grade given especially to workers
    and peasants, conforms to the legal and regulatory provisions that are applicable to them.
  • Creación del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE)

    Creación del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE)
  • Plan de Once Años - La Primera Edición de los Libros de Texto Gratuitos

    Plan de Once Años - La Primera Edición de los Libros de Texto Gratuitos
    El Plan de Once Años del Presidente Adolfo López Mateos, comprende entre otras cosas, la distribución de Libros de Texto Gratuitos para las escuelas del País. Con un tiraje de 15’492,193 ejemplares, en 1960, inicia esta edición.
  • Education Reform Project

    Education Reform Project
    The administration of Luis Echeverría showed from the beginning its interest in improving the educational system, it was said that "all our problems lead to or are related to education
  • National Education Plan

    National Education Plan
    In 1976 the SEP created the General Coordination of Higher Education, Science and Technology.
  • Retraso educativo indígena

    Retraso educativo indígena
    The newspaper El Sol de México reported that there was a delay in indigenous education due to the lack of budget to produce the first edition of 300,000 copies of 16 indigenous grammars for the same number of ethnic groups.
  • Educational Modernization Program

    Educational Modernization Program
    The Program for Educational Modernization 1989-1994 and the National Agreement for the Modernization of Basic Education indicated that the Mexican educational system
  • National Agreement for Basic Education

    National Agreement for Basic Education
    The Federal Government, the state governments, the national teachers and society intend to transform the basic education system -preschool, primary and secondary- with the purpose of ensuring an education for children and young people.
  • The Magisterial Career was created

    The Magisterial Career was created
    In addition to the effort to advance in the professionalization of the teacher's salary, the Teaching Career was established. The career is a horizontal promotion system that represents a means of professional improvement, material and social status of teachers.
  • The General Education Law is enacted

    The General Education Law is enacted
    This new Law ratified the educational policy proposal made in the National Agreement and goes further by defining strategies for the entire educational spectrum, from preschool to higher education and from non-formal to informal education. Therefore, the guidelines for the reform in the different variants of higher education are also included in the General Law of Education.
  • Without basic education 30 million of Mexico

    Without basic education 30 million of Mexico
    A strong lag is the number of Mexicans (30 million) who are illiterate or have not completed their basic education, which makes it necessary to increase coverage; mention made by the Secretary of Public Education, Reyes Tamez Guerra, before deputies.
  • Information about the instrument LINK

    Information about the instrument LINK
    As part of the 2001-2006 Education program, the evaluation program was started, which integrates the application of the ENLACE instrument (National Evaluation of Academic Achievement in Schools), which provides teachers and administrators, parents and society in general, the level of achievement of students in the subjects of Spanish and mathematics in third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades in primary and in secondary in third grade.
  • Educational Model

    It seeks to create a renewed and strengthened school that has an organization, resources, accompaniment, infrastructure, teachers and services that turn classrooms into authentic learning spaces.
  • Period: to

    Reforma Educativa

    Creation of the National Educational Evaluation System, presented by Enrique Peña Nieto within the agreements and commitments established by the Mexico Pact.
  • Modelo Educativo

    Modelo Educativo
    In the 2018-2019 school year, the New Educational Model will come into force, whose main objective is to teach children to "learn to learn"2.
  • Programa Sectorial de Educación

    The PSE 2020-2024 defines six priority objectives, 30 priority strategies and 274 specific actions to transform the National Education System, as well as six goals for well-being and 12 parameters for monitoring.
  • Plan educativo "Aprendemos juntos en casa"

    Plan educativo "Aprendemos juntos en casa"
    The Ministry of Education has created the educational plan "Let's learn together at home" that is based on an educational strategy that allows us to face the challenges that education represents in emergency contexts of covi-19.