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The MAJOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES and DEVELOPMENTS

By ChristinaMarmita
  • 400 BCE

    Science in 400 BC (years under the pre-Julian Roman calendar)

    Science in 400 BC (years under the pre-Julian Roman calendar)
    –494-434 BC Empedocles lives. He says the world is made of 4 elements, earth, fire, water and air.
    –384-322 BC Aristotle lives. Many of his ideas are wrong but the dominate science for the next 2,000 years.
    –276-194 BC Eratosthenes lives. He measures the circumference of the Earth.
  • 400 BCE

    Science in 400 BC

    Science in 400 BC
    –c 150 BC Aglaonike, a woman astronomer lives.
    –130-210 AD The doctor Galen lives. His ideas about the human body dominate medicine for the next 1,500 years.
    –c 150 AD Ptolemy writes his book Almagest which states that the Sun and other planets orbit the Earth.
  • 1543

    15th Century

    15th Century
    –1543 Copernicus publishes his theory that the Earth orbits the Sun.
    –1572 Tycho Brahe observes a supernova.

  • 16th Century

    16th Century
    –1600 William Gilbert discovered the Earth's magnetic field.
    –1604 Johannes Kepler publishes a book on optics.
    –1609 Kepler publishes 2 laws of planetary motion. Galileo observes the Heavens with a telescope and moon was discovered.
    –1619 Kepler publishes a 3rd law of planetary motion.
    –1628 William Harvey publishes his discovery of how blood circulates around the body.
    –1632 Galileo publishes Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.

  • 16th Century

    16th Century
    –1637 René Descartes dicovered the Scientific Method.
    –1643 Evangelista Torricelli invents the Mercury barometer.
    –1650 Otto von Guericke invents an air pump.
    –1656 Huygens first identified Saturn's rings and one of Saturn's moons.
    –1658 Jan Swammerdann observes red blood corpuscles.
    –1661 Robert Boyle publishes The Skeptical Chemist. Marcello Malpighi discovers capillaries.

  • 16th Century

    16th Century
    –1662 The Royal Society is given a charter by Charles II.
    –1665 Robert Hooke describes cells.
    –1666 Issac Newton discovered the Law of Gravity. This is seen to be the start of Modern Astronomy.
    –1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered micro-organisms in pond water.
    –1676 Ole Rømer did the first measurement of the speed of light.
    –1687 Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica.

  • 17th Century

    17th Century
    –1704 Isaac Newton publishes a book about optics.
    –1743-1794 French chemist Antoine Lavoisier lives.
    –1746 Petrus van Musschenbroek invents the leyden jar.
    –1751 Axel Cronstedt discovers nickel.
    –1752 Benjamin Franklin proves lightning is a form of electricity.
    –1758 Carl Linnaeus publishes his work Systema Naturae classifying living things.

  • 17th Century

    17th Century
    –1766 Henry Cavendish isolates hydrogen.
    –1772 Daniel Rutherford discovers nitrogen.
    –1774 Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen.
    –1781 William Herschel discovers Uranus.
    –1784 John Goodricke discovers variable stars.
    –1785 James Hutton publishes Theory of the Earth.
    –1798 Henry Cavendish measures the density of the Earth.

  • 18th Century

    18th Century
    –1800 Allessandro Volta invents the battery.
    –1801 The first asteroid is discovered.
    –1808 John Dalton publishes his atomic theory.
    –1828 Friedrich Wohler produces urea.
    –1830 Charles Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.
    –1831 Michael Faraday invents the dynamo.
    –1842 The word dinosaur is coined.
    –1846 Neptune is discovered. William Morton discovers anesthesia.
    –1847 Axel Herman von Helmholtz formulates the law of the Conservation of Energy.

  • 18th Century

    18th Century
    –1859 The Origin of Species is published by Charles Darwin.
    –1866 Gregor Mendel discovers the law of hereditary.
    –1869 Dmitri Mendeleev established the Periodic table.
    –1873 James Clerk Maxwell shows that light is an electromagnetic wave.

  • 18th Century

    18th Century
    –1895 X-rays are discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen.
    –1896 Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
    –1897 Joseph Thomson discovers the electron.
    –1898 Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discover radium and polonium. Morris Travers and William Ramsay discover xenon.

  • 19th century

    19th century
    –1900 Max Planck proposes quantum theory.
    –1905 Einstein publishes his theory of Special Relativity.
    –1910 Ernest Rutherford discovers the atomic nucleus.
    –1913 Henry Moseley defined atomic number.
    –1915 Einstein publishes his General Theory of Relativity.
    –1926 Arthur Eddington suggests that stars are powered by nuclear fusion.
    –1927 Werner Heisenberg publishes his uncertainty principle. Georges Lemaître discovered the theory of the Big Bang.

  • 19th century

    19th century
    –1928 Alexander Fleming invents penicillin.
    –1930 Pluto is discovered.
    –1932 James Chadwick discovers the neutron.
    –1937 The first radio telescope is built.
    –1943 Oswald Avery proves that DNA is the genetic material of the chromosome.
    –1953 Francis Crick and James Watson discover the structure of DNA.

  • 19th Century

    19th Century
    –1960 The laser is invented.
    –1963 Quasars are discovered.
    –1964 Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig suggest that quarks exist.
    –1967 Pulsars are discovered.
    –1969 Astronauts Edwin Aldrin and Neil Armstrong land on the Moon.
    –1997 Roslin Institute cloned Dolly the sheep using the process of nuclear transfer.
    –1990 The Hubble Space Telescope is launche.
    –1995 The first exoplanet is discovered.