-
Period: 1500 BCE to 332 BCE
Phoenician merchants
Phoenicians built technically advanced for their time. These boats were built to accommodate large amounts of goods with a crew of about 20. Phoenicians were responsible for spreading ideas and goods by trading with neighboring empires. Phoenicians also kept track of the varies cities ports to trade with. retrieved from
https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/watercraft/phoenician-ships -
Period: 1000 BCE to 1000 BCE
Sugar Cane
Originated in Southeast Asia, is a type of grass like maize, rice or wheat and other grains. Become highly valued and traded. Once it reached India was cultivated on a large scale. By the end of the Classical Era, sugar was known in Persia, and would continue to spread wide with trade and conquest, migration. -
700 BCE
Zoroastrianism
700bce-600bce; Zorastrianism later influenced other major religions; Judaism, Christianity, Islam, buddhism. So this spread ideas with along the trade routes also. -
630 BCE
Zoroaster - Persian religious philosopher
He was responsible for introducing monotheism, banned animal sacrifice, and intoxication. introduced the idea of heaven and hell. Also responsible for the first real mail post; therefore very significant to the timeline. -
630 BCE
Zoroastrianism
Became the chief religion of the Persian empire. Introduced the idea of salvation through free choice of God over the spirit of evil. -
600 BCE
Daoism
Daoism preferred philosophical refection and was a counter to Confucian activism. *This was also a 'exchange' of ideas that was passed along the trade routes. -
558 BCE
558 B.C.E. - 330 B.C.E.
Medes and Persians migrated from central Asia. They brought with them the standardization of coins and laws and technology like qanats. -
551 BCE
Confucius
AKA Kung Fuzi - convinced a small minority of educated and trained had the social duty to set examples for the common people and that social harmony could only happen if every person accepted their role in society. -
550 BCE
The Era of semi-nomadic peoples
The rise of semi-nomadic Kingdom of Qin both unified politically and greatly enlarged the territory controlled by a ethnic Chinese and nomadic people. This was important for spreading of horses/pack animals among other things. The allowed easier transportation of goods, also thoughts, beliefs, and eventually also disease pathagens. -
500 BCE
Hanno
Around 500 BCE, Hanno, an admiral from the Phoenician city of Carthage, sailed around the western coast of Africa. -
Period: 500 BCE to 100 BCE
Technology Development -Camel saddle
The camel saddle was developed in Northern Arabia between 500 and 100BCE. It was useful in establishing a livelihood for nomads. It allowed for the pack animal to carry heavy loads. -
499 BCE
Olympic games
The Greek city-states joined in celebrations and athletic competitions of Olympic games. More important was the friendship and allies that were formed which would be called on later to combat the Persian empire. textbook p.103 -
480 BCE
Xerxes - Persian King
The Persian empire at one time stretched across most of the Middle East to the Mediterranean, into Egypt and NE India. -
359 BCE
Alexander the Great
Macedonian Conquest ; Alexander came to power at 20 yrs old and become famous within 2 yrs. He was well liked by his troops because he got involved in their lives. He was quite the politician; encouraged marriages across the different groups of people, encourage education, and accommodated various traditions. He was important in spreading trade, ideas, math and sciences. -
334 BCE
End of the Persian Empire
Alexander defeats Persians and end the Persian empire. -
323 BCE
Hellenistic Culture
Both before and after Alexander the great, Hellenistic culture (Greek) had great influence on science and math. The Greek were wonderful builders, they believed in the importance of math and science. -
323 BCE
Trade networks of the Hellenistic era
Important developments of the classical era trades: India-spices and pepper, Persia and Egypt-grain, Mediterranean-Wine and oil. Professional Merchant class emerges. Spread of religions. -
322 BCE
Chandragupta Mauya
Founder of the Maurya Dynasty in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government. Grew a substantial army. During his reign followed by his son and grandson, Northern India experienced political unity, prosperity and cultural splendor. textbook, p129 -
Period: 300 BCE to 100 BCE
Hellenistic Period
Greeks brought thinkers to the table. Advances in math, science and philosophy. -
Period: 280 BCE to 208 BCE
Qin Shihuang
Tyrannical Regime -
224 BCE
Silk Road & First recorded Bubonic plaque
The Trade route not only spread trade, it was responsible for the spread of sickness and diseases such as leprosy, anthrax, and bubonic plague which would go on to spread though Asia, Med, and eventually Western Europe also. retrieved from Epidemics of the Past: Bubonic Plague - Infoplease
www.infoplease.com/science/health-and-body/epidemics-past-bubonic-plague -
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty & Iron tools
Founded by Qin Shi Huang. What they lacked in manners, they made up for in political success; short-lived, but very good at unifying many people of China. Also spread iron work tools for agriculture. Textbook p80 -
210 BCE
The Great Wall and Terra Cotta Warriors (Qin Dynasty)
Founded by Qin Shi Huangdi. Qin's scribes were responsible for a standard script and coinage, unified throughout the empire. textbook p 81. Shi Huangdi's wanted building; he ordered what is now called the Great Wall and also the Terra cota soldiers. The Soldiers were buried with him to protect him in the afterlife. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/.../shaanxi/xian/terra_cotta_army -
202 BCE
Liu Bang -Founder of the Han Dynasty
After the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty would unify China for the next 400 yrs! They used strong military to enlarge the empire. -
Period: 200 BCE to 200
Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty and the Han capital at Xi'an, many advances in invention. This time was responsible for the improved horse collar, wheelbarrow, irrigation networks, and improved tools for farming. -
Period: 27 BCE to 206 BCE
Silk Cloth and rise of 'Silk Road'
Weaving silk thread from the silk worm was discovered in China, highly prized and became the reason for the Silk Road. Silk became a currency and trade-value. The silk-road ended up connecting all the regions around China and beyond. -Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, Central Asia just some of the players. It became even more important because once these countries opened trade; foods, tools, technology, expanded ideas and other products but also wars, later sicknesses also. -
70
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Trader's handbook written around 70CE. The document gives a detailed look, written in Greek by an Egyptian merchant from the city of Alexandria, detailed the trade between Roman Egypt and India, listing all the port cities, described the types of goods imported and exported in/out of those cities. Listing goods like copper, wood, pearls, cloth, and gold and frankincense as being items prized. 70CE -
200
Constantine legalizes Christianity
In 313 Constantine legalized Christianity -
300
200B.C.E.,
Chinese improve harnesses for horses 300 BCE -
Period: 600 to 500
Commercial agriculture and rise of social protest
The peasants and slaves or conquered people were those who worked agriculture.