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Mar 9, 1516
Where did the term "Ghetto" come from?
The term "ghetto" originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, established in 1516. Ghettos were ordered to be set up in various countries after King Chrles V saw how effective they were. -
Voelkisch Movement
Made by a Greman philosophers, scholars, and artists that looked at Jews and thought that they were not normal,like aliens, in Germany. They called Jews "Non-German." Then the Nazi party came in 1919, lead by Adolf Hitler, and it took hating Jews to a whole new level. -
Early stages of persecution
the jewish people were persecuted in many ways.
Like they could not have many jewish people in german schools
and jewish actors could not perform
they could not hold office. The Nazi's left no stone unterned -
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
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The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a book and the most notorious and widely distributed antisemitic (hating someone for being Jewish) publication of 19th century. It first was published in Russia in 1905 then later translated in to over a dozen languages. The Nazi party published at least 23 editions of the Protocols between 1919 and 1939. Following the Nazis' seizure of power in 1933, some schools used the Protocols to make the students believe that it was the truth. -
Jewish people are Segregated
In 1920 Nazi party members publicly declared the segregation of Jews from the Aryan society. They abrogate Jew's political, legal, and civil rights. -
The First Concentration Camps Are Established
Soon after Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany the first concentration camps are established. -
Hitler's presidency
On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler began laying the foundations of the Nazi state. The Nazis eliminated individual freedoms and pronounced the creation of a society which would, in theory, transcend class and religious differences.
Hitler's presdency marked the ennilation of jews. -
The Reichstag Fire
This is when the German parliment building was caught on fire due to arson. This angered Hitler and the German government so they passed a decree that took away many civil rights from inocent civilians such as political meetings, the press, and marches. It was loosly followed at first but took strict effect very quickly. -
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resistance
many thousands of people resisted the nazis useing both violent and non-violent means. -
Theodore Eicke Becomes Commander of the SS Concentration Camp
Theodore Eicke is appointed commander of the Shutzstaffel concentration camp at Dachau. -
The First Detention Center, Dachau
The SS established the first consentration camp as a detention center for German political prisioners in 1933. The earliest victims of the Nazi's discrimination were political opponents. -
The Shutzstaffel Gains Independence
The Shutzstaffel gained it's independence from the Strumabteilugen (storm troopers). -
Hindenburg's Death
Hindenburg, the Chancellor before Hitler, died on August 4th 1934. After he died, Hitler had himself designated as both Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor. He made all armed forces swear an oath of loyalty to him and his function. Since he was Fuehrer, he could literally do whatever he wanted because there were no laws to stop him. -
Only Four Concentration Camps Are Left
Only four concentration camps are left: Dachu, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Lichtenburg, and Merseburg. Many concentration camps were established during World War Two. -
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht is known as "Night of Broken Glass." It refers to the violent people that are anti-Jewish. It happened in many places like Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia. It is called Kristallnacht because the German troops destroyed synagogues ( Jewish churches), houses, and Jewish businesses. -
Americans Against Germany
The americans did not find it a priority to save the Jews or other victoms to the Nazi's. Due to the prejudice hate of Jews, fear of foreigners, and refugee policy. It was hard for Jewish people to join in the U.S.. In the picture you see that americans really did not want to involve with the Jews in any way. -
additional victims
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Killing of non-Jewish people
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killing of non-jewish people
The Germans killed about 1.9 million non-Jewish people, because they were hiding Jewish people in their homes. They also killed disabled or mental people. -
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Additional victims
Mental and disabled people were also killed by the Gemans. They were sent to death camps. They were killed immediately. -
The Holocaust
The"Euthanasia" program was theGermany's first program of mass murder, predating the killing of European Jews, which we call the Holocaust, by about two years. 1939 -
The meaning
The term "euthanasia" ( "good death") usually refers to the inducement of a painless death for the mentally ill individual who would otherwise suffer. In the Nazi context, however, "euthanasia" represented a euphemistic term for a clandestine murder program which targeted for systematic killing mentally and physically disabled patients living in institutional settings in Germany and German-annexed territories.1939 -
Why was the first "Ghetto" established?
The first ghetto was established to seperate Polish Jews from the outside world. The "Ghettos" kept the Jews together for killings and labor. -
The Begining
Public health officials encouraged parents with children that had disabbilitys to go get a check up. Then the nazi would take the children on a bus, Then they would take the children and kill them. -
Polish Citizens Deported for Forced Labor
About 1.5 million Polish citizens were deported to Germany for forced labor. Several of them were also put in Nazi concentration camps. About two million non-Jewish Polish civilians were killed during World War II. -
What were "Ghettos?"
Ghettos were city districts that were often enclosed that the Germans used to house the Jews. The Jews had to live under miserable conditions like little food, disease, and bad living conditions. -
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the windows
The nazi were so embarsed they would put gray paint on the windows so people would not see the children. This is what started concentration camps. -
THE GAS VAN
The gas van, A mobile gas chamber built on the chassis of a cargo truck which employed carbon monoxide from the truck's exhaust to kill its victims. Gas vans made their first appearance on the eastern front in late fall 1941. -
What was the "Final Solution?"
The Germas had a plan to murder all the Jews in the "Ghettos" by killing them in mass graves or bombing the houses the lived in. Some of the Jews were used for labor. This was called the "Final Solution." -
Babi Yar
In late September 1941 units of Einsatzgruppe detachment 4a massacred 33,771 Kiev Jews in the ravine at Babi Yar. Of the four units Einsatzgruppe D operated farthest souththan all the other units. -
SHHHH...Its a secret
The SS wanted to keep their concentration camps a secret. They did not want the Axis to find out and set the camps free. So they tried to keep it a secret from the Axis -
THE ASSASSINATION OF REINHARD HEYDRICH
In May 1942, Czech agents assassinated Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In retaliation, the Nazis shot all of the men in the Czech village of Lidice. -
U.S. State Department
Even though the reacurring of killing the Jews especaially in death marches, the U.S. kept far from the problem and even kept it quiet from the people in the U.S.. They had delayed reports of genocide. In the picture you see the note recived by the U.S. State Department about the killing of Jews in Germany. -
ANTI-NAZI RESISTANCE
In addition to resistance by Jews, members of other victimized groups resisted the Nazis. In May 1944, SS men ordered Roma prisoners to leave their barracks at the Auschwitz Gypsy family. Armed with knives and axes, the Roma refused to leave. The SS men retreated. -
Holocost rescuers
Holocost rescuers included people from all religions backgrounds.
Italianas and grogio perlas gave protected jews certificates which could protect them. -
Auschwitz-Birkeau Death Camp
Auschwitz-Birkeau was the larget killing center in World War Two. It opened in March of 1942. The camp killed nearly 6,000 jews everyday. By the spring of 1943 it had four gas chambers. The people that were sent there immediately got sent to death (except for a special work teams). They also conducted experiments on small children and babies. -
How many were killed?
Many people were killed during the holocaust. Not only jews...but also people that tyried to hide jews. -
NEVER SAFE
Deporting Jews from their own towns and cities or from ghetto settings to killing centers, Einsatzgruppen came directly to the home communities of Jews and massacred them. -
jews killed in killing center
Killing centers didnt just kill Jews they killed thousands of other ethnicedes. At Auschwite-Birkfnau they killed nearly 6,000 jews a day, this was the largest killing center. -
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Jews' First Revolt Again German Ghettos
The German Ghettos were trying to deport Jews in Warsaw. The Jews had an armed rebellion against them because there were rumors that the ghettos would would deport the remaining inhabitants to the Treblinka death camp. -
Warsew Resistance
This started in late April and carried into early May. It started when rumors were spread that the remaining Jewish Inhabitants in Warsaw would be shipped off to Treblinka Death Camp. -
How people were killed
People that got sent to Killing Centers/Death Camps were killed by shooting or they were gassed (some people got chosen for special work teams). They killed nearly 2,700,00 jews. These killing centers were established for efficent mass murder. -
Uprising in Treblinka
Prisoners in the Treblinka Death Camp got stolen weapons and attacked the trained guards. There were many Jewish deaths and very few escaped. Most were killed as they were trying to escape. -
Sobibor
At Sobibor prisoners, armed with stolen weapons, attacked the SS staff and guards. Most of the rebels were killed during or after the uprising. Several of them were able to escape and survived the War. -
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Prisioner Deaths Durning Death Marches
In the spring of 1944 the German Officers lead the prisioners in death marches. If the prisioners could not keep up or they passed out of exhuastion the Officers would shoot them. Other prisioners died from starvation, exposure and exhaustion. -
EINSATZGIUPPEN TARGETS THE WEAK
The Einsatzgruppen also murdered thousands of residents of institutions for the mentally and physically disabled. -
Death Marches
The German offiers led Death Marches because they had to evucate and move the prisioners. They were afraid if they did not move them and keep them in production the prisioners would fall into the enemies hands and tell their stories. -
Death March Prisoners
During the SS marches, guards were under strict rule to brutally mistreat the pirsoners. Hundreds of prisoners were killed because if they collapsed under exhaustion, the guards were under strict order to shoot the fallen prisoner. They were also shot if they could not keep pace with the group. Thousands of prisoners also died from starvation, exposure and exhaustion. -
U.S Refusal to Bomb Auschwitz Camp
By spring of 1944, allies heard of the killing operations in the Auschwitz Camp by using poisonous gas. Jewish leaders begged the U.S to bomb the camp and the rail ways leading to the camp, with no succes. Even though the United States had the materials to succesfully bomb the camp, they refused to oblige to the Jewish Requests. -
Establishing WRB
Throughout the war, the Unites States had not yet innitiated any kind of aide towards refugees. After President Roosevelt was informed of a mass murder in the Warsaw Ghetto, he nset up the War Refugee Board (WRB). The year the WRB was set up, they established Fort Ontario Refugee Center in Oswego, NY to aide refugees, though by the time it was set up, four fifths of the Jews who would die in the Holocaust were already dead. -
Liberation of Majdanek Concentration Camp
The Germans were surprised when the Soviets advanced so soon. So the germans atempted to hide all of the evidence from the mass murders that were held. The only thing still standing was the gass chambers. -
ATTEMPT TO KILL ADOLPH HITLER
In July 1944, a coalition of these groups made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. -
trying to end everything
the non jewish resistanceattempted to kill hitler. -
Uprising in Auschwitz
Armed with stolen weapons, Jewish Captives revolted against Nazi guards. They killed a few guards and most of the Jews were killed in the act or when trying to escape. A few escaped and hid until the end of the war but there were very few. -
Jewish Special Detachment Rebellion
At Auschwitz-Birkanau, members of the Jewish Special Detachment rebeled against the SS gaurds. Nearly 250 died during the rebellion and another 200 were shot afterwards. -
The Liberation of Aushwitz
The Soviets Liberated Aushwitz. It was the largest extermination of a concentration camp. Even though many were found alive there were signs of mass murders. -
Amount of jews killed
From 1941-1945 there were many killing centers. By 1945 when they shut down killing centers about 2,700,000 jews were killed. -
Liberation of Buchanwald Concentration Camp
Buchenwald was liberated to prevent antrocities by the retreating camp guards. The American forces saved more than 20,000 people held in Buchenwald. The liberation was a sucess. -
German Ship Bombed
When Germans took many prisoners onto ship to relocate, British bombed them thinking it carried German personnals. This bombing killed every single Jewish passenger on board. In the picture you see people marching. This is similar to what it looked like when the Jews marched to the ship before they were bombed. -
Mass Killings
there were many people killed no matter what age they just had to be jewish. they would pick people up of the streets and just killed them. They ended up killing half of a million -
IMT Trials
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International Military Tribunal
These trials were held for the Major War Criminals of the Holocaust. Out of 24 defendents 21 appeared in court. These defenndents were found guilty and sentenced to death. -
Polands National trial
This Trial was held in Karkow Poland and it tried many Aushwitz functionaries (workers). It sentenced Rudolf Hoss who was a camp comandant at Aushwitz Concentration Camp to death. This was one of Polands most famous trial. -
Post War Trial of Adolf Eichmann
This Post War trial was one of the most famous national trials in German Perpetrators. Many charges were held against Eichmann including some like being a member of criminal organizations. He was sentenced to death and was executed by hanging on June 1, 1962. -
Germans Restrict the number of Jewish Students
German law restricts the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. Civil servants were also to be excluded from state service.
