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1954 Brown Vs. Board of Education
In 1954 the case Brown vs. The Board of Education occurred. "In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. - Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)". In this act the Supreme Court ruled that n this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separation of children based on race in schools was unconstitutional. -
1970's Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC) and Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
PARC dealt with the exclusion of children with mental retardation from public schools. The settlement that resulted from this stated that parental involvement and a way to resolve disputes must be available.
Mills involved the practice of suspending, expelling and excluding children with disabilities from the District of Columbia public schools. The school district’s primary defense in Mills was the high cost of educating children with disabilities. -
1971 The Larry P. v Riles
The Larry P v. Riles case in 1971 involved five African American children who were placed in special education classes filed suit. stating that they have wrongly been placed in these classes due to racial and discrimination that was on intelligence tests that they had taken. The court sided with the students and prohibited the use of IQ tests to place or identify students in Special Education classes. -
1972- PARC vs. Commonwealth of Education
PARC or the Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens won a case against the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania using the help of 14 families with children who were denied access to education due to their disabilities. In this case it was deemed that Pennsylvania not deny an individual's right to equal access to education based on their disability. -
1972- The Right to Education
The Mills case was a class action lawsuit brough about for five families that said their constitutional rights to Due Process were denied. The Mills case went beyond the PARC case. It came about later in 1972 and dealt with 7 children who had been denied access to education due to mental, behavioral, physical and/or emotional handicaps. The court ruled that no child shall be excluded from education to due to these types of handicaps. -
The Rehabilitation Act-504
The First Act in US history related to the special needs of students was the Education Act of 1973. This act provided guaranteed civil rights to all special needs students. This act also required that accommodations be made for the accesibility to educational institutions for these students. This act provided access to education for children who may have never been able to go to school before. This is also was IEPS were implemented. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
This act developed in 1975 was the first to implement that children with special needs had access to free and appropriated education. This started the basis for federal funding and was a stand alone law. -
1979- Armstrong Vs. Kline
Five families in January of 1979 came together to state that due to breaks in their children with disabilities education that lasted for 180 days the children were experiencing regression, which violated their children's rights. The court found that the Commonwealth's 180 day rule did indeed violate the children's right to a free and appropriate public education and ruled in favor of the plaintiffs in 1979. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley law case
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley case was the first time that a part of the EHA was actually interpreted. Through this interpretation the term " free appropiate education" was defined -
Irving Independent School District vs. Tatro
This case was of the Tatro family who had a child who needed a cleaned catherization during school hours. This procedure did not need to be done by a medical professional and was therefore not covered under related services. The Tatro family went to court to argue that their daughter's rights were violated. The Fifth Circuit Court ruled that the Tatro's had proved a violation of the RA and also that the IEP should include CIC under related services. -
1985 Burlington School Committee Vs. Massachusetts Department of Education
This ruling stated that parents could reimbursed tuition if their child could not be provided a free and appropriate education in their school setting. This would then allow the parents to send their children to a private school for the appropriate education. -
1986 EHA Ammendment
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Honing VS. Doe
Honig v. Doe, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a student's rights were violated in California because he was suspended indefinitely for violent behavior that was a result of his disability. -
1989 Danny RR vs State Board of Education
This case arose after a child with disabilities was denied access to a class with his peers who did not have disabilities. This started the process of allowing students of all abilities participate and have access to mainstream education. -
1990- Oberti vs. Board of Education
In 1990 a student named Rafael Oberti's who had down syndrome family was attempting to get him into a classroom with necessary supports . This case established "inclusion" with supplementary aids and services. The school district was ordered to allow the child into as many classes as possible with students who do not have disabilities. -
1990 Ammendment to EHA
In 1990, ammendments were made to the Special Education Act of 1975. These ammendments effectively changed the name to IDEA. (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) -
1992 Board of Education in Sacremento California vs Holland
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1994 Gaskins vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
In the 1990s Pennsylvania had one of the worst rates of inclusion. When they did have inclusion they often did not have supports. The Gaskins vs. Commmonwealth of PA came about as a class action suit advocating for 280,000 special education students, 12 plantiffs, and 11 disabilities advocacy organizations. The suit was brought about to train the school districts on inclusion and to be able to monitor and hold compliance to these inclusion standards. -
1997- Ammendments to IDEA
Again in 1997 additional ammendments were made to the education act to ensure equal access to education. -
2001- No Child Left Behind Act ]
In 2002 No Child Left Behind Act was passed by President Barrack Obama. -
2004 Ammendments made to IDEA
In 2004, more ammendments were made to the t to ensure access to free IDEA and appropiate education to those students with special needs. -
2015 Every Student Succeeds Act
Every Student Succeeds Act was enacted by President Barac Obama. -
2017 Endrew vs. the Douglas County School District
This case ruled that a student's iep should give more then the minimal amount of educational benefit and that the goals should be so the child can make progress given his circumstances. This case came about after a student (Endrew F.) with autism had been receiving annual ieps from preschool on. Although he was provided with ieps they were similar each year and he was not making any substantial or functional progress.