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Period: 4570 BCE to 541 BCE
Precambian
Guide fossils: Estromatolitos (cianobacteria) Geological events:
- There was a big meteoric bombardment, the Earth, the Moon and the lithosphere was formed.
- Agrupaciones y derivas alternantes de los primeros núcleos continentales (Rodinia). Climate event:
- La atmósfera primitiva pasa a ser una atmósfera con trazas de oxígeno (3800 m.a.) y luego pasa a ser una atmósfera oxidante (2500 m.a.).
- Primera glaciación Type of environment: Marine -
3800 BCE
1st life forms - 4:10
Appearance of the first life forms with microscopic size. They lived only in water and there was no life outside of it.
Primitive bacteries (3800m.a.) --> Cyanobacteria (2500m.a.) -
2100 BCE
1st most complex life forms - 9:07
They were pluricellular and had eukaryotic cells, they were soft-bodied animals and invertebrates. The most important were the stromatolites. -
Period: 541 BCE to 252 BCE
Palaeozoic
Guide fossils: Trilobites Geological event:
- Desintegración del supercontinente Pannotia y el nivel de agua aumentó con el detenimiento del hielo, así nace el continente Pangea. Climate event:
- Lento proceso de calentamiento Type of environment: Marine -
500 BCE
Great explosion of life - 21:10
This great explosion of life was caused by the important climatic changes such as glaciations or low sea levels -
480 BCE
Age of the fishes - 21:37
Fish became the dominant living being of the era.
Primitive sharks become more numerous and the first lobe-finned fish and bony fish appear. -
400 BCE
First terrestrial plants (gymnosperms) - 21:48 h
In the Carboniferous period of the Palaeozoic era there is a warm and humid climate that helps to advance the development of the great extensions of coastal marshlands and the irruption of the great forests of conifers and ferns. -
359 BCE
Amphibian age - 22:13
The Amphibians left the water, Ichthyostegids were the first amphibians that were able to leave the water.
Some of the features that allowed amphibians to emerge from the water were:
- Evolution of the lungs
- Development of the choanae
- Appearance of a limb -
Period: 252 BCE to 66 BCE
Mesozoic
Guide fossils: Ammonites and Belemnites Geological event:
- Pangea empieza a separarse y a fracturarse, formando los continentes y el océano Atlántico.
- Comienza la Orogenia Alpina.
- Impacto de meteorito. Climate event:
- Condiciones climáticas de extrema aridez, sobre todo en el centro.
- No hubieron glaciaciones. Type of environment: Marine and land -
200 BCE
Age of the reptiles - 22:43 h
Large reptiles colonise all environments, both terrestrial and aquatic. 65 million years ago, these dominants of the earth became extinct because the impact of the meteorite and new colonisers appeared. -
150 BCE
1st angiosperms - 23:22 h
Plants undergo great diversification, especially conifers and angiosperms, which, unlike gymnosperms, have flowers and fruit.
Angiosperms came to predominate in colder regions, while evergreen varieties prevailed in the subtropics and tropics. -
145 BCE
Age of the birds - 23:39 h
They developed from therapsids, a group of carnivorous dinosaurs. (The photo is the first recorded bird on Earth) -
Period: 66 BCE to
Cenozoic
Guide fossils: Nummulites Geological event:
- Desarrollo de la Orogenia Alpina.
- Istmo de Panamá.
- Formación de alternados casquetes polares. Climate event:
- Últimas glaciaciones (edad de hielo) las cuales fueron 4 y se alternaron con épocas cálidas. Type of environment: Land -
23 BCE
1st hominids - 23:52 h
They were primates adapted to life on land, walking upright in a bipedal posture. The term "hominid" refers to any being, present or past, that has been part of the human race.
The oldest hominins currently known are Sahelanthropus tchadensis from Chad. -
2 BCE
1st Homo sapiens - 23:59 h
Their oldest remains are 195,000 years old and were found in Ethiopia. The first homosapiens, in terms of physical characteristics, resemble today's people.