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The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, during the Civil War. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation -
Juneteenth
Juneteenth is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the emancipation of African-American slaves. It is also often observed for celebrating African-American culture. Originating in Galveston, Texas, it has been celebrated annually on June 19 in various parts of the United States since 1865. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark case in 1896 where the U.S. Supreme Court made a decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. The case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people.
Links:
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson#:~:text=Sources-,Plessy%20v.,a%20car%20for%20Black%20people. -
Founding of the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in New York in the year 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey and Ida B. Wells.
Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration, sometimes known as the Great Northward Migration or the Black Migration, was the movement of six million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970.
Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American) -
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s
Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance -
The Tulsa Massacre
The Tulsa race massacre took place on May 31 and June 1, 1921, when mobs of white residents, some of whom had been deputized and given weapons by city officials, attacked Black residents and destroyed homes and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma, US.
Links:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre -
Truman desegregates the US military
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces. On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
Links:https:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. Lasting 381 days, the Montgomery Bus Boycott resulted in the Supreme Court ruling segregation on public buses unconstitutional. A significant play towards civil rights and transit equity, the Montgomery Bus Boycott helped eliminate early barriers to transportation access. -
The Mississippi Burning
The murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, also known as the Freedom Summer murders, the Mississippi civil rights workers' murders or the Mississippi Burning murders, refers to three activists who were abducted and murdered in Philadelphia, Mississippi, in June 1964 during the Civil Rights Movement. -
Quick Facts!
The Civil Rights Act (1964) outlawed segregation in schools, public places or jobs.
The Voting Rights Act (1965) outlawed racial discrimination in voting.
The Fair Housing Act (1968) outlawed discrimination in housing.