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World War One Conscription Crisis
Conscription, 1917 A debate, primarily between French Canadians and English Canadians, about whether there should be conscription for Canada's involvement in World War One. The French Canadians were opposed to it, and English speacking Canadians were in support of it. Conscription did happen and many French Canadians refused to register. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
Union Nationale Created in 1935, the Quebec political party believed in provincial autonomy. Maurice Duplessis was its leader until his death in 1959. The party dissolved in 1989. -
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The Duplesiss Era / The Great Darkness
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World War Two Conscription Crisis
Conscription Although Prime Minister Mackenzie King had pledged to not use conscription in 1939, he had to later hold a plebiscite regarding conscription, as more help was needed for the war effort. The plebiscite passed with 80% support from English Canada and 70% against in Quebec. In 1944, conscripted soldiers were sent overseas to fight. -
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The Duplesiss Era / The Great Darkness
Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis Premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis believed in a seperate and distinct Quebec. During his rule, Duplessis pushed for religion and education, which led to few scientists and bussiness people. He also discouraged unions and was known for cheap laber and poor working conditions. His government used bribery and corruption, and his time in power was known as the Great Darkness. -
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Separatist Movement
Separatism Included the formation of many political parties and groups with the goal of achieving independence for Quebec. The movement became strongest with the Parti Quebecois in 1968. The party was led by Rene Levesque, and believed in sovereignty-association. -
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Quiet Revolution begins in Quebec / Maitres Chez Nous
Quiet RevolutionJean Lesage, leader of the Liberal Party, replaces Duplessis and the Union Nationale as Premier of Quebec. He believes in modernizing the Province and changes the economy, politics, education, and culture. The influence of the church in education declines, and students now study science and technology. In 1962, the Liberals run with the motto of "Maitres Chez Nous", with the purpose of Quebec having more control over its economy. The liberals win and corporations such as Hydro-Quebec are formed. -
Fron de Liberation du Quebec LQ Party is Formed
Fron de Liberation du Quebec A radical terrorist group is formed with the goal of achieving freedom for Quebec.The group would place bombs in Anglophone areas, in order to make their opinions known. -
Bi & Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism) investigation by Lester B. Pearson
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism Lester B. Pearson estabished the "Royal Commission on Bilingualism & Biculturalism" to investigate solutions. and it brought about sweeping changes to federal and provincial language policy. -
Canada's New Flag
FlagPrime Minister Pearson declares that Canada will have its own flag, which causes a debate about the design. French and English Canadians are divided as the French want fleur-de-lis represented on the flag. Pearson chooses the maple leaf as it represents al of Canada. -
Canada's Immigration Policy becomes "Colour Blind"
Immigrant Voices In 1967, colour blind was considered because they started using 'points system' as party of crimes for entry and because of the Canadian economics they required people with training, with specific skills, and certain education. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau BiographyWhen Canada’s then prime minister, Lester Pearson, retired in 1967, Trudeau campaigned for leadership of the Liberal Party. His ideas were popular, and on April 6, 1968, he won the post. His election as prime minister benefited from an unprecedented wave of youth involvement who sstrongly upported him. Within 20 days of winning leadership of his party, Trudeau was sworn in as Canada’s 15th prime minister. -
Official Languages Act Passed
Official Languages Act (1969) The Official Languages Act is the federal statute that made English and French the official languages of Canada. It requires all federal institutions to provide services in English or French on request. Commission recommended that Canada should be officially billingual. -
FLQ Crisis (Oct 5, 1970) aka October Crisis
FLQ kidnapped James Cross. They will release him once FLQ memebers get released from prison along with other demands. The Quebec agreed to the demands but they are not reasing the prisoners so the FLQ members kidnapped labour minister Pierre Laporte. -
War Measures Act
War Measures Act The War Measures Act was a federal statute adopted by Parliament, after the outbreak of the First World War. It gave broad powers to the Canadian government to maintain security and order during war or insurrection. Anyone could be arrested and declained without being charged with an offense. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
Canadian Multiculturalism: An Inclusive Citizenship Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy. Canada affirmed the value and dignity of all Canadian citizens regardless of their racial or ethnic origins, their language, or their religious affiliation. It encouraged people to express their cultures and make them feel at home. -
Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bill 22This made French the official language of Quebec and the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace. It was created by Robert Bourassa. -
Immigration Policy Moves to 'Sponsorship Program'
Immigration Policy in Canada: History, Administration and Debates Families and businesses could now "vouch for" or sponsor a new immigrant, meaning they would take responsibility for this person's set up in Canada -
Parti Quebecois Wins Provincial Election on Quebec
Parti Quebecois The Parti Québécois (PQ) is a nationalist political party formed in Québec through the merger of the Mouvement souveraineté-association and the Ralliement national.After they won they promised separation from Canada. -
Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101 (Charte de la langue francaise) Camille Laurin created a bill that made French the official language of government and of the courts in the province of Québec, as well as making it the normal and habitual language of the workplace, of instruction, of communications, of commerce and of business. -
Bill 101 Passed
Bill 101 (Charte de la langue francaise) The bill was passed after a lot of controversy. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Quebec Referendum (1980)A Québec referendum, called by the Parti Quebecois government, was held on 20 May 1980 to ask the people of Québec for a mandate to negotiate, on an equal footing, a new agreement with the rest of Canada, thus honouring the promise it had made in 1976 to hold a referendum before taking steps toward a sovereign Québec. The concept of sovereignty-association rejected by about 60% of voters, although it is estimated about 50% of francophones voters supported it. -
Patriation of the Constitution
Patriation of the Constitution In 1982 Canada "patriated" its Constitution, transferring the country's highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament, a connection from the colonial past , to Canada's federal and provincial legislatures. -
Constitution Act
Constitution Act, 1982 The Constitution Act, 1982 enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution, and completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence, allowing Canadians to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney In the general election of 1984 he ran an almost flawless campaign against Prime Minister John Turner's Liberals and won 211 seats, the largest number in Canadian history. His pledge to bring Québec to the Constitution "with honour and enthusiasm" was decisive in persuading many Québec nationalists to support the Conservatives. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed 1987
Bloc Quebecois Founded as a parliamentary movement composed of Québec MPs who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord.The Bloc was led by former federal Conservative cabinet minister Lucien Bouchard -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party of CanadaThe party's platform included traditional prairie populist reform panaceas such as free trade and direct democracy (referendums, initiatives and recall), and some contemporary proposals such as the Triple-E (equal, elected and effective) Senate. -
Meech Lake Accord
Meech lake AccordThe Meech Lake Accord, an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." -
Department of Multiculturalism formed
Canadian Multiculturalism The Canadian Multiculturalism Act is a law, passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance multiculturalism in Canada .The federal government, under Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, declared in 1971 that Canada would adopt multicultural policy. Canada would recognize and respect its society included diversity in languages, customs, and religions. -
Meech Lake Accord
Meech Lake Accord In early June of 1990, all premiers finally agreed to ratify the Accord, subject to guarantees of further constitutional discussions following the Accord, on such issues as an elected Senate, the amending formula itself, and equality and aboriginal issues. -
Charlottetown Accord
Charlottetwon AccordThe Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
Parti Quebecois Jacques Parizeau’s troops played a leading role in organizing the “No” camp for the October 1992 referendum on a proposed new constitutional agreement, the Charlottetown Accord, which a large majority of Quebecers rejected. In the Québec general election of September 1994, the Parti Québécois was returned to power with 44.7 per cent of the votes and 77 seats in the National Assembly; a strong majority. -
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Quebec Referendum (1995) Held on 30 October 1995, the referendum on Québec sovereignty was settled by a narrow victory for the “No” camp — as had been the case in the 1980 referendum. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
The Clarity Act (Bill C-20) The bill known as the Clarity Act gives effect to the requirement for clarity set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Québec Secession Reference.
