“the History of French English Relations in Canada”

By ArthurWangSS11

  • World War One Conscription Crisis

    http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH2PA3LE.html French Canada felt confident it could remain removed from the action in Europe because Prime Minister Robert Borden had promised no obligatory military service known as conscription.

  • World War Two Conscription Crisis

    https://stmaryhistory.wordpress.com/group-4/conscription-crisis-of-1944/ King avoided it for two years but after Canada lost 23 000 soldiers in the invasion of Europe in 1944, he fired Ralston who said they needed to force conscription. Prime-Minister Mackenzie King brought in McNaughton as his new minister of national defence. After McNaughton failed to convince more men to enlist, and other members of the cabinet threatened to resign and overthrow the government, King agreed to a one time lev

  • The Duplessis Era/The Great Darkness 1936-1939 & 1944-1959

    https://canadianhistoryformartians.wordpress.com/franco-anglo/the-boss-maurice-duplessis/ Maurice Duplessis, also known as “The Boss” was the Premier of Quebec for 18 years. The years from 1936-1939 and then 1944-1959, where Duplessis reigned was known as the “Great Darkness”. The reason why the era was called the great darkness because many secrets were kept away from the public. There was no economic advancements and basically Quebec was left in the dark.

  • Quiet Revolution

    http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quiet-revolution/ The Quiet Revolution (Révolution tranquille) was a time of rapid change experienced in Québec during the 1960s. In two years, the Lesage administration managed to carry out or plan many reforms: amongst others, the establishment of a public hospital network (1961), the creation of ministries of cultural affairs and of federal-provincial relations (1961), and the foundation of the Société générale de financement (General Investm

  • 1960s Separatist Movement

    The separatist movement re-emerged as a political force in modern Québec in the late 1950s and the 1960s, a time of great socioeconomic change and nationalist foment in that province. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/separatism/

  • 1962 Maitre Chez Nous

    http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quiet-revolution/ The government's main accomplishment in economics was the nationalization of private electricity companies, an idea that was promoted in 1962 by René Lévesque, minister of natural resources. The government decided to go to the electorate on this issue

  • Front de liberation du Quebec LQ party

    Founded in the early 1960s, it militantly supported the Quebec sovereignty movement. It was active between 1963 and 1970, and was regarded as a terrorist organization for its violent methods of action, although some historians also regard some of its members as "idealists" while the provincial police considered them "amateurs". It was responsible for over 160 violent incidents which killed eight people and injured many more, including the bombing of the Montreal Stock Exchange in 1969.

  • Bi & Bi Commission

    One of the most influential commissions in Canadian history, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (1963–69) brought about sweeping changes to federal and provincial language policy.

  • 1967 Canada’s Immigration Policy

    The immigration regulations introduced in 1967 established new standards for evaluating potential immigrants. To enhance the objectivity of admissions procedures, a system was set up in which independent immigrants were assessed points in specific categories relating to their education, occupational skills, employment prospects, age, proficiency in English and French and personal character. Individuals receiving 50 points or more out of a possible 100 were granted entry, regardless of their race

  • Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister

    Trudeau began his political career as a lawyer, intellectual, and activist in Quebec politics. In the 1960s he entered federal politics by joining the Liberal Party of Canada. He served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968, to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980, to June 30, 1984.

  • Official Languages Act passed, 1969

    http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/en/language_rights/act The first Official Languages Act, enacted in 1969, recognized the equal status of English and French throughout the federal administration.

  • the War Measures Act 1970

    The War Measures Act was a federal statute adopted by Parliament in 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War. It gave broad powers to the Canadian government to maintain security and order during war or insurrection. It was used, controversially, during both world wars and also during the 1970 October Crisis in Quebec. It has since been replaced by the more limited Emergencies Act.

  • October Crisis

    The October Crisis (French: La crise d'Octobre) was a crisis that involved the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte, a provincial cabinet minister, and the kidnapping and subsequent release of James Cross, a British diplomat, by members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ).

  • Policy of Multiculturalism 1971

    The Canadian Multiculturalism Act is a law, passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance multiculturalism in Canada. The federal government, under Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, declared in 1971 that Canada would adopt multicultural policy. Canada would recognize and respect its society included diversity in languages, customs, religions, and so on.

  • 1974 Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa

    Bill 22, sponsored by the Québec Liberal government of Robert BOURASSA and passed by the legislature July 1974. It made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace. Only children who could demonstrate sufficient knowledge of another language of instruction would be exempted from receiving their instruction in French.

  • 1976 Immigration policy

    The Immigration Act of 1976 represented a significant shift in Canadian immigration legislation. It was the first immigration act to clearly outline the fundamental objectives of Canadian immigration policy, define refugees as a distinct class of immigrants and impose a mandatory responsibility on the government to plan for the future of immigration. http://www.pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/immigration-act-1976

  • 1976 Parti Quebecois wins provincial election on Quebec

    The Parti Québécois (PQ) is a nationalist political party formed in Québec in 1968 through the merger of the Mouvement souveraineté-association and the Ralliement national. René Lévesque was the PQ’s first leader and held that position until 1985. The party was elected to its first term in office in 1976 and went on to hold two referendums on Québec sovereignty: one in 1980 and the other in 1995.

  • 1977 Bill 101 passed

    Bill 101, Charte de la langue française (1977), made French the official language of government and of the courts in the province of Québec, as well as making it the normal and habitual language of the workplace, of instruction, of communications, of commerce and of business. Education in French became compulsory for immigrants, even those from other Canadian provinces, unless a "reciprocal agreement" existed between Québec and that province (the so-called Québec clause).

  • 1980 Referendum on Sovereignty Association

    A Québec referendum, called by the PARTI QUÉBÉCOIS (PQ) government, was held on 20 May 1980 to ask the people of Québec for a mandate to negotiate, on an equal footing, a new agreement with the rest of Canada, thus honouring the promise it had made in 1976 to hold a REFERENDUM before taking steps toward a sovereign Québec. This was the third speech that Trudeau gave during the referendum campaign. Intense negotiations between the federal and provincial governments began right after the refere

  • 1982 Patriation of the Constitution

    In 1982, Canada "patriated" its Constitution, transferring the country's highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past ­— to Canada's federal and provincial legislatures.

  • 1982 Constitution Act

    The Constitution Act, 1982 was a landmark in Canadian history. It enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution, the highest law of the land, and completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence — allowing Canadians to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain.

  • Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister

    Brian Mulroney, Canadian politician, leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1983–93), and prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993. During the early years of his administration Canada’s economic growth was strong, job creation was high, and inflation was kept under control. His government pursued deregulation of key industries and reform of the tax structure, though a steep federal tax on goods and services introduced in 1991 was widely unpopular.

  • Meech Lake Accord 1987

    In 1987 the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. The result was the Meech Lake Accord, an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." Political support for the Accord later unravelled, and it was never put into effect.

  • 1987 Reform Party Created

    In May 1987, the Reform Association of Canada voted to support a broadly based party to voice Western economic and constitutional concerns. The party was officially founded in Winnipeg in the fall of 1987 and chose as its leader Preston Manning, son of former Alberta Social Credit premier E.C. Manning.

  • 1988 Deptartment of Multiculturalism formed

    Multiculturalism at the policy level is structured around the management of diversity through formal initiatives in the federal, provincial and municipal domains. Multiculturalism is the process by which racial and ethnic minorities compete with central authorities for achievement of certain goals and aspirations.

  • Creation of the Union Nationale Party

    http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/union-nationale/ The Union Nationale was a Québec political party founded in 1935 and dissolved in 1989. The party won six provincial elections between 1936 and 1966. Maurice Duplessis was its charismatic leader until his death in 1959. The party of a generation, the Union Nationale defended provincial autonomy, conservatism, economic liberalism and rural life.

  • 1990 Meech Lake Accord

    Legacy In 1990, angry that the political consensus around the Accord had come apart, Lucien Bouchard, Mulroney's environment minister and Québec lieutenant, walked out on the Progressive Conservative government along with a handful of disenchanted backbencher Québec Members of Parliament — from the PC and Liberal parties. They formed the Bloc Québecois, a group dedicated to pursuing Québec's interests in the House of Commons.

  • 1992 Charlottetown Accord

    The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum.

  • 1994 Parti Quebecois returned to power

    In the Québec general election of September 1994, the Parti Québécois was returned to power with 44.7 per cent of the votes and 77 seats in the National Assembly — a strong majority.

  • 2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association

    The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.

  • 1998 Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision

    Both the Quebec government and the Canadian government stated that they were pleased with the ruling and claimed victory for their interpretation of the process. Chretien took the initiative when he announced that the Federal government was taking the action of drafting legislation which would serve to define the terms and conditions which it intrepretated would have to be adhered to in order to meet the decision of the Supreme Court. This Bill was to known as the Clarity Bill of Bill C - 20.