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World War One conscription crisis
When the war began, Prime minister Borden promised no conscription, however when he learned how many men were needed to win the battle at Vimy ridge, he saw that Canada would have to send more troops to Europe. The English Canadians were fine with conscription to defend their home country, but the French Canadians did not feel patriotic to Britain or France. This caused major problems among the population. -
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The Duplesiss Era
Maurice Duplesiss was a strong Quebec nationalist who prompted the idea of Quebec as a distinctive society rather than a province. Duplesiss introduced a new flag and fought against federal government and was for the roman catholic church. He wanted to separate Quebec from Canada. Bribery and corruption became the trademark of his regime. Lots of bad things came from the Duplesiss era and was later known as the Great Darkness -
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Creation of the Union National Party
Maucice Duplesiss joined forces with some disillusioned liberals to form the union Nationale party. They supported the Quebec nationalism and relied heavily on the roman catholic church. The group blamed a lot of Quebec's problems on the english minority. They later gained power in Quebec. -
World War two Conscription Crisis
Prime Minister Mackenzie King promised no conscription when the war stated in 1939, but as the germans began to conquer most of Europe, it was clear that more Canadians would be needed in the fight against the Nazi's. This crisis forced the government to put in place the National resource mobilization act. This gave government power to take over the nations resources. -
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Quiet Revolution
In 1960, after Duplesiss' death in 1959, the quiet revolution occurred. It was a period of rapid change and reform that modernized Quebec society during the years 1960-1966 under the liberal provincial government of Jean Lesage. Due to the rapid change, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church declined. -
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1960's Separatist Movement
During the 1960's to 1970's Quebec nationalism and the separatist movement grew throughout the province. Many French Canadians felt as if there was injustice towards the english Canadians through politics, schooling, territory, and many others. The idea of Quebec becoming its own country became increasingly realistic and extremist groups grew. The FLQ started to hit English Canadian power in Quebec showing the lengths they were willing to go to. -
Bi & Bi Commission
Lester Parson was convinced that Canada would face a grave crisis unless French Canadians felt more at home in Canada. In 1963, he appointed the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism to investigate possible solutions. The Commission's report called for Canada to become bilingual, with English and French as its two official languages. The Commission also recommended that Canada adopt a bilingual strategy that would promote both languages across the Nation. -
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Front de Liberation du Quebec
The FLQ was a separatist and Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group in Quebec. From 1963 to 1970, they carried out a number of attacks, the most notable was the bombing on the Montreal Stock Exchange in 1969. Their motive was to create an independent Quebec. The FLQ gained the support of many leftists in Quebec along with the Communist Party of Canada and the League for Socialist Action. The group was dissolved in 1970 by the Montreal Police. -
Canada's New Flag
After Pearson won the federal election in 1963, he decided to change the National Flag. For some Canadians, the old flag was too British to be the symbol of modern Canada. English Canadians wanted to keep the Red Ensign while French Canada wanted a new flag. After hundreds of suggestions across the country, the flag that was adopted was the red and white maple leaf was chosen. The new flag was raised on Parliament Hill for the first time in 1965. -
1967 Canada's Immigration Policy Became colour blind
Many people in the 1960's started to accept other cultures and became more "colour blind." This was reflected by Canada changing its immigration standpoints by focusing on things such as education, age, fluency in French or English, and the job opportunities. This was one of the first steps to multiculturalism in Canada. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada, famous for his stance against a separate Quebec and suppressing violent revolts. Trudeau also helped Canada become more multi cultural. -
Official Languages Act
When Pierre Trudeau succeeded Pearson in 1968, he was determined to do more to persuade people from Quebec that their future lay with Canada. In 1969, his government passed the Official Language Act, making Canada officially bilingual. This resulted in more Francophones being appointed to senior government positions. Some people loved this, and some hated the official Language Act. -
FLQ crisis
The FLQ crisis occurred during October 1970 in the province of Quebec Canada, mainly in the Montreal metropolitan area. Members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped the provincial cabinet minister Pierre Laporte and the British diplomat James Cross. -
War Measures Act 1970
Alarmed by the deteriorating situation in Quebec, Trudeau imposed the War Measures Act. The Act suspends Canadian's civil rights, anyone could be arrested and detained without being charged with an offence. Membership in the FLQ became a crime. On October 16, 1970, federal troops arrested hundreds of pro-separatist Quebecois and held without charge. Of the 450 people detained, only a few were charged and most were released. -
Bill 22, 1974
Trudeau's Official Language Act did not satisfy the Francophone majority in Quebec. Premier Robert Bourassa, who had been in office since 1970, created Bill 22. Bill 22 was a provincial legislation that made French the sole language of Quebec. this forced hundreds of thousands of businesses and professional people in Quebec who were not proficient in French to move out of the province. Toronto then surpassed Montreal as the business capital of Canada. -
1976 Immigration Policy Moves to sponsorship program
The act recognizes 4 basic categories of individuals eligible for immigration status.
-Have to have a family
-Assisted relatives
-Humanitarian class
-Independent class(selected off point system) -
Bill 101 introduced
Bill 101, or the Charter of the French Language as it's also known, was introduced by the first-ever Parti Quebecois government, led by then-Premier René Lévesque. -
1976 Parti Quebecois Wins
Lévesque and the PQ's first government. In the 1976 provincial election, the Parti Québécois was elected for the first time to form the government of Quebec. The party's leader, René Lévesque, became the Premier of Quebec. -
1977 Bill 101 Passed
Bill 101 in Quebec, also known as "the charter of the bill of rights," was for French to be the only official language of the province, commercial outdoor signs were in french only, and children of immigrants would have to go to french schools. -
1980 Quebec Referendum
First time Quebec tried to pursue a path toward sovereignty. The votes were 60% no and 40% yes. -
1982 Partition of the Constitution
Patriation of the Constitution. In 1982 Canada "patriated" its Constitution, transferring the country's highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past — to Canada's federal and provincial legislatures. -
1982 Constitution act
The Constitution Act, 1982 was a landmark in Canadian history. It enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution, the highest law of the land, and completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence allowing Canadians to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain. -
Brian Mulroney becomes prime minister
Martin Brian Mulroney lawyer, businessman, politician, and prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993. As prime minister and leader of the Progressive Conservative party, Brian Mulroney brought in the landmark Free Trade Agreement with the United States, and oversaw passage of the unpopular Goods and Services Tax. -
Bloq Quebecois Formed
Bloq Quebecois is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. -
1990 Meech Lake Accord
In 1987 the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. -
1992 Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. -
1994 Parti Quebecois returned to power
The Parti Québécois is a nationalist political party formed in Québec in 1968 through the merger of the Mouvement souveraineté-association and the Ralliement national. René Lévesque was the PQ’s first leader and held that position until 1985. The party was elected to its first term in office in 1976 and went on to hold two referendums on Québec sovereignty: one in 1980 and the other in 1995. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
The Clarity Act[1] (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada that established the conditions under which the Government of Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a vote by one of the provinces. -
1988 Department of Multiculturalism Formed
The Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988 provided a legislative framework for the official policy of multiculturalism adopted by the government in 1971. The act sought to protect the cultural heritage of Canadians, reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs and activities within institutions and organizations. -
Policy of Multiculturalism 1971
In 1971 the official policy of multiculturalism was introduced by Prime Minister Trudeau. The policy supported diversity and culture within the country. The government brought the people together through country wide games. Festivals were held and adds and posters were used to support the country to live as one. -
Meech Lake Accord
term for a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the 10 provincial premiers. It was intended to persuade the government of Quebec to symbolically endorse the 1982 constitutional amendments by providing for some decentralization of the Canadian federation. Support for the accord began to decline as tensions increased between Quebec and the predominantly English-speaking provinces. -
1987 Reform Party
Founded by Preston Maning in 1987 and was motivated by the perceived need for democratic reforms, and by profound western Canadian discontents with the progressive conservative federal government of Brian Mulroney.
