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The beginning of ESP
There was an increase of economic power in Englis speaking countries. Becoming proficient in the language for scientific fields became a need. Therefore, English for Special Purposes emerges as a response. The central focus of ESP was English for Science and Technology (EST). -
English for Specific Purposes
The term first appears at the Makerere Conference. -
Needs Analysis
Skill based courses intended to address the learners' specific foreign langauge needs. -
Hughes-Davis
They compared science books and common school textbooks and noticed that the Scientific ones neglected some language forms. They concluded that ESP courses should give precedence to these forms. -
Discourse Analysis
Allen and Widdowson focused on the Discourse Analysis by saying that learners difficulties with the langauge arise when they encounter unfamiliar English Use. -
Period: to
Spoken Interaction
From the mid 1970's to the 1980's the focus switched more to a spoken interaction based first on grammatical and then gradually a more functional construct. -
Content-expert.
The concept of using the area specialist as a content-expert consultant was introduced. -
English as a Restricted Language
There was English for Academic and Ocuppational Purposes, as well as English with Specific Topics. -
ESP influences.
ESP research started to influence on other disciplines. -
Modern Age in ESP
The Journal of Second Language Writing was founded. Genre and Corpus Studies become more relevant.