The History of Educational Technology

Clay Tablets

3200 BCE

In southern Mesopotamia, about 3200 BCE, Sumerian-made clay tablets with the first known writing were discovered.

Sumerian Abacus

2700 BCE

A calculator known as the Sumerian Abacus first existed in 2700 BCE.

Paper

100 BCE

Paper was invented around 100 BCE in China. According to Shenoy and Aithal (2016), the Chinese created a sheet of paper using
mulberry and other bast fibers along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste,

Manuscript Transcription

382

Manuscript Transcription started in 382.

Slate Board

1100

Slate boards were in use in India in the 12th century AD because of the price of the paper.

Printing Press

1450

Johannes Gutenberg invented the first Printing Press in Europe. According to Gunaratne (2001), Bi Sheng invented movable type four centuries before Gutenberg.

Public Education

1800

Public education age started in 1600 and chalkboard slates, books, and blackboards were started to use in 1800

Audiovisual Age

1910

The audiovisual era began in the 1910s and lasted through the 1940s. Radios, film strip projectors, and overhead projectors were all widely used at this time.

Radio

1920

Radio usage in education began in 1920s

Film Strip Projectors

1930

They were essential in the educational process. Filmstrip projectors were one of the key technologies used in teaching throughout the audiovisual era.

Overhead Projectors

1940

In order to instruct their soldiers, the military deployed overhead projectors. In 1940s, the usage of overhead projectors became common in education.

Information Age

1960

The information Age started in the 1960s. Television, VCR, VHS Tape, and AudioTape usage was significant between these years.

Television

1960

After the invention of television and using them in education, the learners were not only able to hear the lessons, but also they started to see them.

Satellite Broadcasting

1980

In the 1980s, satellite broadcasting started to become available.

Computer Age

1990

In the 1990s the computer age began. The invention computer and its usage had a significant impact on education. Using a computer, CD ROM, Microsoft Power, whiteboard, and laptop was essential in this age.

World Wide Web

1991

World Wide Web, also known as WWW, was invented in 1991 and opened to the public in 1991.

The Digital Age

1995

In the digital age, students and instructors could communicate with other people from all over the world. Also, the first fully online courses started in 1995.

Google

1999

The biggest search engine "Google" was created in 1999

The Interactive Age

2000

The explosion of digital technology and virtual communication, particularly among students, has given rise to interactive learning in approximately the year 2000. Especially; Smart Response LE, Laptops, Smart Response PE, Document Camera, and Smart Response XE are the most important discoveries.

Youtube

2005

Youtube was launched on February 14, 2005. Short educational videos that can be downloaded and online courses are started to being used on Youtube.

MOOC

2012

Two Stanford University professors launched a lecture-capture-based MOOC on artificial intelligence in 2012. Baturay (2015) explains it as "the term ‘MOOCs’ represents open access, global, free, video-based instructional content, videos, problem sets and forums released through an online platform to high volume participants aiming to take a course or to be educated".

REFERENCES

2100

Baturay, M. H. (2015). An overview of the world of MOOCs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 427-433. Padmanabha Shenoy, and Aithal P. S., (2016). A Study on History of Paper and possible Paper Free World. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering (IJMIE), 6(1), 337-355. Gunaratne, S.A. (2001). Paper, Printing and the Printing Press: A Horizontally Integrative Macrohistory Analysis. International Communication Gazette, Volume: 63 issue: 6, 459-479.

REFERENCES 2

2100

Bates, A.W. (2015) Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing Teaching and Learning Vancouver BC. https://cdn.britannica.com/43/120643-004-926C49EB/Illustration-Encyclopaedia-Britannica-printing-press-edition-stick.jpg https://goodfaithmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/school-classroom-1-1080x675.jpg https://assets.sutori.com/user-uploads/image/019b36ae-b15f-4d05-b152-473fab25b5a2/b238c5b3b4afc0dfe9b7b93e41421c0b.jpeg

REFERENCES 4

2100

http://pnubsehistedtech-projectedmedia.weebly.com/uploads/5/6/3/5/56358013/9123709.jpeg?345 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg/220px-First_vacuum_tube_AM_radio_transmitter.jpg https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/418LduWsmkL._AC_SY580_.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg/1200px-Google_2015_logo.svg.png https://www.youtube.com/img/desktop/yt_1200.png

REFERENCES 3

2100

https://www.ancientpages.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/05/mesopotamianwriting16.jpg https://news.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/images/2019-01/Tablet1380.jpg?itok=n18Vv4el https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/50adfa2ae4b0cc1d786569eb/1551043526886-QYCCCA0IL5UFJAZOMVTP/image-asset.jpeg?format=500w http://www.archivejournal.net/journal_2017/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Va245_65.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/MOOC_poster_mathplourde.png