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Period: 345 to 550
Early Christians
Sees deafness as a sign of a sin. It was thought that parents of deaf children where being punished for previous sins. -
Period: 400 to Jan 1, 1500
Dark and Middle Ages
People who were deaf were believed to be possessed and were committed to insane asylums. -
Jan 1, 700
St. John of Beverly
St. John of Beverly was thought to have restored the speech of a boy who was deaf and taught him the alphabet by making the sign of the cross on his tongue. -
Jan 1, 738
Emperor Justinian
Emperor Justinian identified a differentiaion between deaf and mute. He provided limited right to people who are deaf. -
Jan 1, 1500
Geronimo Cardano
Cardano was an Italian Physician who recognized that learning does not require hearing. Found that deaf could be educated using written word through teaching his own deaf son. -
Jan 1, 1550
Pedro Ponce de Leon
Devleoped one of the first manual alphabets while working with deaf students. -
Jan 1, 1550
Licenciado Lasso
Argued that deaf people that were able to speak could not be classified as 'dumb' and were eligible for inheritance. -
Manuel Ramirez de Carrion
Manuel was the inventor of speech training for deaf people. -
Juan Pablo Bonet
The first to publish a one-handed manual alphabet system to teach reading and writing to deaf students. -
Period: to
Martha's Vineyard a Deaf Utopia
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Abbe Charles-Michel de I'Epee
Not only created a School for the Deaf in Paris, France, but also developed a method of sign language that would be the foundation for American Sign Language and other world sign languages. -
Thomas Braidwood
Thomas Braidwood opened the Braidwood Academy for the Deaf and Dumb which promoted a combined system for learning. -
Johann Konrad Ammann
Ammann wrote "The Speaking Deaf". His ideas were the foundation for Samuel Heinicke's development of the German method. -
Samuel Heinicke
Heinicke opened the first oral method deaf institution in Leipzig, Germany. -
Abbe Sicard
Sicard was a Priest and Principal of the School for the Deaf in Bordeaux, France. He would later replace Abbe' de Epee at the School of Deaf in Paris. -
Thomas Gallaudet
Gallaudet became interested in teaching the deaf after working with his neighbors deaf child. He traveled to Europe to study the teachings of deaf students in Europe. The Braidwoods would not let him observer their teachings; however, Sicard, Clerc, and Massieu welcomed him in Paris where he learning about manual communication. -
American School for the Deaf
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudent and Laurent Clerc opened the Connecticut Asylum for the Education of Deaf and Dumb, which is now known as the American School for the Deaf. -
Laurent Clerc
Clerc was one of the best students at the School for the Deaf in Paris at which he later became a teacher. While teaching he met Thomas Gallaudet. He traveled to America with Gallaudet to create the first deaf school in America. This school was known as the American Asylum fo Deaf-Mutes in Hartford, CT. -
Founding of the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind
The VSDB was the first school in the word to integrate deaf and blind students. It was established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1838. -
Edward Miner Gallaudet
Edward was the son of Thomas Galaudet. He followed in his fathers footsteps assisting in the establishment of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Blind in Washington, D.C. The school would later become known as Gallaudet University the first institution of higher learning for the Deaf. -
Clarke School for the Deaf
The Clarke School for the Deaf was opened in Northampton, MA in 1867. John Clarke, offered a $50,000 grant to anyone who would open a school for the deaf in Northampton. The school was later renamed the Clarke School for Hearing and Speech. -
Alexaner Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell is well-known. He stongly supported the aural philosophy opening a school in Boston in 1872. He followed his fathers views that Deaf individuals could be taught to speak. Bell provided training at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes, the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes, and the Clarke School for the Deaf. -
Conferene of Milan
At this conference a sign language was banned and oral education was made the preferred method of education. Oral education was considerdd better than manual. -
R. Orin Cornett
Developed cued speech while the Vice President of Long-Range Plannin at Gallaudet College. -
PL 94-142
The Education of All Handicapped Children Act was passed by congress. Under IDEA all students with disabilities up to age 21 must be provided with free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment including accomodations. -
Board of Education v. Rowley
The school denied a deaf student an interpreter on the basis that she was able to read lips. The courts ruled in favor of the school because she "was achieving educationally, academically, and socially without such assistance." -
Cochlear Implant Development
The FDA approved cochlear implants for marketing. -
First Digital Hearing Aid
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Deaf President Now I
Student protestors shut down Gallaudet University as they protested against another hearing president. I. King Jordan became the first Deaf president as a result of this protest. -
Cochlear Implants for Children
The FDA approved the use of cochlear implants for children 2 years + who present with profound hearing loss. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA prohibits discrimination based on disability. For deaf individuals it ensures interpreting services, access to TDD, and reasonable working accommodations. -
No Child Left Behind
Deaf and hard of hearing students could no longer be excluded from any type of assessment available to students attending mainstream programs. -
IDEA/IDEA-2004
IDEA makes sure that students with disabilities receive services, such as the following; evaluation, IEP Development, Team meetings, Discipline, Highly Qualified and Instructional Supports. -
Deaf President Now II
Again, there is turmoil at Gallaudet University when I. King Jordan steps down and another president, Jane Fernandes' is appointed. Fernandes is deaf, but the students question her ability to lead and her devotion to the Deaf community. -
Marion Downs
Pioneer in newborn hearing screenings. She started testing newborns with horns and whistles. Downs urged others in the field to consider the benefits of newborn hearing screenings. It wouldn't be until 1993 that the National Institute of Health made a recommendation for universal newbor hearing screenings.