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582 BCE
The Greeks
the Ancient Greeks were certainly leading proponents. As with many scientific studies, Aristotle was at the forefront of developing the foundations of the history of psychology. Aristotle's psychology, as would be expected, was intertwined with his philosophy of the mind, reasoning and Nicomachean ethics, but the psychological method started with his brilliant mind and empirical approach.
Founder: Aristotle -
1300
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Brought life back into literature, classical music and art.
Founder: Masaccio -
Attacking Dualism
Dualism is the concept that our mind is more than just our brain. This concept entails that our mind has a non-material, spiritual dimension that includes consciousness and possibly an eternal attribute. One way to understand this concept is to consider our self as a container including our physical body and physical brain along with a separate non-physical mind, spirit, or soul. The mind, spirit, or soul is considered the conscious part that makes your mentality.
Founder: René Descartes -
Biological
To understand the behavior of humans and non-human animals better, biological principles are applied to these behaviors. This field is known as biological psychology, a branch of psychology that is also referred to as behavioral neuroscience.
Founder: Charles Darwin -
Inheritable Traits
A feature or characteristic of an organism that has been passed on to it in its genes. This transmission of parental traits to their offspring always follows certain principles or laws.
Founder: Gregor Mendel -
Psychoanalytical
The theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century.
Founder: Sigmund Freud -
Social - Cultural
One of those perspectives and it's a way of understanding humans by how their actions are influenced by the people and situations around them. It is the belief that social and cultural factors impact a child's behavior and higher order functions.
Founder: Kurt Lewin -
Structuralism
Structuralism sought to analyze the adult mind (defined as the sum total of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and then to find the way in which these components fit together in complex forms.
Founder: Wilhelm Wundt -
Functionalism
The functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology, also a viewpoint of the theory of the mind.
Founder: Emile Durkheim -
Humanistics
A movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists.
Founder: Carl Rogers -
Cognitive
Cognitive psychologists try to build up cognitive models of the information processing that goes on inside people’s minds, including perception, attention, language, memory, thinking, and consciousness.
Founder: Ulric Neisser -
Behavioral
Is an approach in psychology which studies observable behavior, emphasizing the role that conditioning plays in influencing a person's thoughts and actions.
Founder: Albert Ellis -
Evolutionary
The purpose of this approach is to bring the functional way of thinking about biological mechanisms such as the immune system into the field of psychology, and to approach psychological mechanisms in a similar way.
Founder: Charles Darwin