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The Great Depression
The Great Depression lasted from 1929 until 1942. It was a very difficult time in the United States. Banks and businesses closed, leaving millions of Americans without a job. With no way to earn money, many people could not pay their bills or buy food and needed help from the government to survive. -
The stock market crashes
On a day called "Black Thursday," stock market prices start to drop. The stock market "crashes" when prices keep dropping and by the end of November, the stock market loses $30 billion. -
Hoovers says the worst is over.
President Herbert Hoover tells Americans that the economy will start to improve within the next 60 days. The Great Depression is actually just getting started. -
Food riots break out in the United States.
In February 1931, food riots start in cities across the United States. Hungry Americans smash grocery store windows, take food, and run away because they do not have any other way of getting food to eat. -
Roosevelt promises a "new deal."
While campaigning for president of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt promises Americans "a new deal." The programs he creates after he is elected will be called The New Deal. -
Roosevelt is elected president.
Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected president for the first time. Many Americans did not think that President Hoover did enough to help them and hope that Roosevelt will end the Depression. -
The Emergency Banking Act is passed.
Congress passes the Emergency Banking Act. By the end of the month, almost all of the banks that had closed when the Depression started are open again. -
The Civilian Conservation Corps is created.
The first New Deal program, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) is created. Thousands of young men go to camps to work on projects such as building parks, building roads, and fighting forest fires. -
The Tennessee Valley Authority is created.
The Tennessee Valley Authority, another New Deal program, brings electricity and jobs to Americans living in the southern part of the United States. -
The Works Progress Administration puts Americans to work.
In April 1935, the Works Progress Administration is created. It puts Americans to work doing many types of jobs such as writing, acting, building bridges, and building airports. -
Social security is created.
The Social Security Act is signed. The Act provides money every month for senior citizens. -
Dorothea Lange takes the Migrant Mother photo.
In March 1936, photographer Dorothea Lange takes photographs of a poor family working at a pea-picking camp in California. One of the photos, called "Migrant Mother," is one of the most famous photographs to come from the Great Depression. -
"The Grapes of Wrath" is published.
In April 1939, the book "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck is published. The book is about a family that is forced to leave home and try to find work in California during the Great Depression. -
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941, Japan bombs American ships at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Thousands of Americans are killed in the attack. -
The Great Depression ends
In December of 1941, the United States declares war on Japan and joins World War II. Because the war creates so much money and jobs for the economy, the Great Depression ends soon after the U.S. goes to war.
