the geologic column

  • 54,200 BCE

    Paleozoic;Cambrian

    Paleozoic;Cambrian
    sudden explosion of life; trilobites dominant; rise of other marine invertebrates;some vertebrates
  • 19,960 BCE

    mesozoic:Jurassic

    mesozoic:Jurassic
    giant dinosaurs; early birds;firs mammals 199,600,000 years ago
  • 18,000 BCE

    pleistocene epoch

    pleistocene epoch
    Ice Age(s); mass extinctions; rise of man 1,800,000 years ago
  • 11,477 BCE

    Phanerozoic in the period of quaternary

    Phanerozoic in the period of quaternary
    In this period end the last Ice Age; rise of human civilization 11,477 years ago
  • Tertiary:Miocene Epoch

    Tertiary:Miocene Epoch
    rise of grazing mammals 23,000,000 years hago
  • paleozoic:permian

    paleozoic:permian
    modern insects; reptiles spread; evergreens; extinction of trilobites 299,000,000 years ago
  • Paleozoic:Pennsylvanian

    giant insects;first reptiles 318,100,000 years ago
  • Tertiary:oligocene epoch

    Tertiary:oligocene epoch
    primitive apes;whales;first modern mammals 33,900.000 years ago
  • Paleozoic:Mississippian

    Paleozoic:Mississippian
    amphibians spread; sharks and bony fish, winged insects 359,200,000 years ago
  • Eon:Archean

    Eon:Archean
    earth becomes habitable; spontaneous generation of first cells; rise of bacteria and cyanobactyeria (blue-green algae) 4,000,000,000 years ago
  • Eon:hadean

    Eon:hadean
    formation of earth (uninhabitable) 4,000,000,000 years ago
  • Paleozoic:Devonian

    Paleozoic:Devonian
    first amphibians; freshwater fish; wingless insects 416,000,000 years ago
  • Paleozoic:Silurian

    Paleozoic:Silurian
    land colonized by arthropods and plants 443,700,000 years ago
  • Paleozoic:Ordovician

    Paleozoic:Ordovician
    trilobites abundant; vertebrates increase 488,300,000 years ago
  • Tertiary:pliocene epoch

    Tertiary:pliocene epoch
    Peak of mammals; modern invertebrates 5,300,000 years ago
  • Tertiary;Eocene Epoch

    Tertiary;Eocene Epoch
    first horses 55,800.000 years ago
  • tertiary:paleocene Epoch

    tertiary:paleocene Epoch
    early mammals become dominant; rise of modern birds 65,500,000 years ago
  • Mesozoic:Cretaceous

    Mesozoic:Cretaceous
    mass extinctions (including dinosaurs); flowering plants appear 145,500,000 years ago
  • Eon:Proterozoic

    Eon:Proterozoic
    simple multicellular sea creatures develop; algae and plakton develop; eukaryotic cells develop 2,500,000,000 years ago
  • Mesozoic:Triassic

    Mesozoic:Triassic
    first dinosaurs, rise of mammal-like reptiles 251,000,000 years ago