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American Revolution
*North America colonies gain independence from Great Britain
*French fought on colonists' side
Great Britain and France went into huge amounts of debt
Newspaper to French Revolution fire -
Dutch Patriot Revolt
*Dutch patriots wanted to reduce the powers of the prince of Orange
*Prince favored close ties with Great Britain
*Protesters demanded reduction of stadholder powers
THE TRUE REPUBLIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN OUR COMMONWEALTH -
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French Revolution
Third Estate revolting due to problems with the monarchy. French debt from American Revolution angered third estate. -
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Haitian Revolution
Haiti took part to overthrow the French powers held there. This revolution was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. -
Fall of Bastille
Louis XVI seemed to agree with the National Assembly. Instead, he sent soldiers to march to Paris.
Common people armed themselves and marched on Bastille, a prison that symbolized royal authority.
Common people overthrow the prison and kill the governor -
March on Versailles
*Thousands of women marched from Paris to Versailles
*They demanded the king to help secure grain for the hungry and reassurance that he did not intend to resist the revolutionary movement
Next morning, accompanied by armed men, the private apartments of the royal family were broken into
The king moved his family and government to Paris to prevent further bloodshed. -
Constitution of the Clergy
*Secularized Catholic churches and confiscated church lands for the government
Brought to because of financial problems
Urban poor received no relief, still had to pay dues to landlords -
Louis and Marie-Antoinette
Louis and Marie-Antoinette attempt to flee France and find safety in Austria
Marie's brother was Austrian king Leopold II
The escape failed and they were brought back to Paris heavily guarded -
Declaration of war on Austria
King Leopold II of Austria and Frederick William of Prussia requested other European powers to help in reviving the French Monarchy.
Louis declared war on Austria, thus sending the French into even more debt, leading to more starvation and anger. -
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Reign of Terror
Committee of Public Safety, made up of twelve Jacobins (Maximilien Robespierre as leader) brought executions on those suspected disloyalty to the new regime.
Guillotine
In less than a year the number of deaths rose to 16,000
Truer number was closer to 50,000
Ended when Robespierre went under the guillotine himself -
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was executed due to treason against the French government. He was sent to the guillotine publicly -
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Arrest of Girondins
Tension broke out between the Jacobins (radicals who stressed Enlightenment views of equality) and Girondins (more interested in liberty, terms of laissez-faire economics).
Jacobins gained more power and ordered the arrest of the Girondins. -
Execution of Marie-Antoinette
The queen was sentenced to death by the guillotine for treason.
She suffered the same fate as her husband -
Slavery Abolished in French colonies
The French Revolution sparked revolutionary movements in Europe and in colonies.
French colonies gained independence (Haiti)
Toussaint L'Ouverture led revolt in Haiti -
Age of Napoleon
Napoleon made a name of himself after leading the army against Austria, invading Egypt to gain access to the Red sea and threatening British control of the sea route to India. During this time, a weak 5 person Directory took charge of the French government. In 1802, Napoleon named himself Emperor Napoleon I. -
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The Aftermath (Bourbon Restoration)
Major European powers met at the Congress of Vienna to determine what to do once Napoleon was exiled from France.
The French monarchy was restored with Louis XVI's brother Louis XVIII being crowned king.
