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French and Indian War begins
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The French and Indian War
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Battle of Jumonville Glen
Robert Dinwiddie had sent Washington with a large task force to meet with William Trent's group of 40, which had retreated from Fort Duquense. Washington had learned of the retreat while en route to the small group, and when the two groups met, they had moved in on a nearby French scouting party. When the battle subsided, the task force had won against the French commanding officer Joseph Coulun de Jumonville's party with most, including Jumonville, dead, hence the battle's name. -
Albany Congress
This congress met from June 18 to July 11, 1754, to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians because the allegiances of the different tribes and nations seemed to pivot due to the current war. -
Battle of Fort Necessity
Jumonville's brother led the attack on Washington's newly established fort that was many miles from Fort Duquense. Washington had no choice but to surrender at the battle's end and had negotiated an armed withdraw from Necessity. Washington later received information that the French were assisted by three native tribes: the Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo. -
British Campaigns
The British sent General Braddock on an expedition to Fort Duquesne and tasked Massachusetts governor William Shirley to fortify Oswego and attack Fort Niagara. Britain also had Sir William Johnson capture Fort St. Frederic, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Mockton capture Fort Beausejour. Braddock's expedition was ambushed, killing him and 1,000 troops, Shirley failed to get Owsego fortified, Johnson successfully captured Fort St. Frederic, and Mockton was successful in capturing Beausejour. -
Forbes Expedition
This expedition lasted from September to October 1758. The expedition had General John Forbes lead 6,000 troops to remove the French from the Ohio Country. The expedition bore three battles: the captures of Duquense, the capture of the fort at Louisbourg in Nova Scotia, and the Battle of Carillon, or Ticonderoga, as the British called the fort. -
Victories of 1759-60
During the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, "the year of miracles", British forces succeeded in capturing Ticonderoga, and James Wolfe had killed Louis-Joseph de Montcalm in a battle outside of Quebec but had died in the same battle. The British also claimed victory at Fort Niagara, cutting off French frontier forts to the south and west. The British lost at the Battle of Sainte-Foy but were successful in cutting off French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche. -
Fighting stops in America
The fighting in America had stopped during this year, but the war was still being carried out between England and France back in Europe. -
French and Indian War ends in America
The war's end became official in America with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. -
French and Indian War ends in Europe
The war's end became official in Europe with the signing of the Treaty of Hubertusburg. The French also surrendered the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique in order to keep their territory east of the Mississippi River.
