-
Period: to
Thomas Hobbes
- He tried to separate knowledge from faith. (which eventually got him into trouble with the British Parliament).
- He believed that religion should be separate from politics.
- Major belief was that all people are fearful and greedy.
-
Period: to
John Locke
- Locke believed that all people were born good and were given natural rights by God.
- Believed that the king’s power should be limited by laws enacted by the people (This type of government is called a constitutional monarchy).
-
Period: to
Baron de Montesquieu
- Believed in limited king (ruler) power.
- Separation of powers checks and balances. (3 branches: executive, legislative, and judicial).
- Limits power so president isn’t a tyrant.
-
English Bill of Rights
-
Period: to
Voltaire
- Freedom.
- Logic & reason.
- Respect for individuals.
-
Period: to
Benjamin Franklin
- Franklin believed in a government that had a single legislature with an advisory board.
- People in charge should not be paid for their services.
- Felt slavery was morally wrong.
- Simple lifestyle guided by common sense & reason.
-
Period: to
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Majority rule.
- Individual freedom.
- Democracy.
- Enlightenment.
- Importance of reason.
-
Period: to
Adam Smith
- Work benefits you & economy.
- Don’t depend on charity.
- Self interest guides efficient use of resources.
-
Period: to
Cesare Beccaria
- People who were in accused of a crime should have rights.
- Fair & speedy trial. Same crime = same punishment.
- Torture was wrong.
-
Period: to
Thomas Jefferson
- Majority of people will make a right choice.
- Government should protest individual rights & freedoms.
- Education for everyone.
-
Period: to
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
- Hidalgo formed ideas about freeing Mexico from the harsh rule of foreigners.
- He delivered the “Grito de Dolores,” a fiery speech in which he urged people to fight for Mexico’s independence.
- Hidalgo was able to run north, but he was quickly captured and then shot.
- He was a well-educated, liberal priest who urged his parishioners to fight for independence.
-
Period: to
Mary Wollstonecraft
- Equal treatment of all human beings.
- Education for men and women should be based on reason.
- People should be judged based on individual merit and moral virtue, not on gender.
- Wanted men to treat their wives as equals, not as property.
-
Seven Years' War Peace Treaty between Great Britian and France
-
Stamp Act passed by British Parliament
-
Tarr and Feathering
Punishment started in the middle ages and got popular in the 1760's in the colonies. -
Repeal of Stamp Act
-
Townsend Act, new revenue taxes on North America colonists
-
Boston Massacre
The colonist mobbed the soldiers and the soldiers killed 5 colonist. -
Riots in Boston met with violence by British troops
-
The Gaspee Incident
A group of men including John Brown (leader of the group) borded the Gaspee and wounded the lieutenant and then set the ship on fire. The men where never found, so no one was ever charged for the offence. -
Boston Tea Party
-
First Continental Congress
-
Period: to
American Revolution
-
Declaration of Independence
-
American and French representatives sign two treaties in Paris: a Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a Treaty of Alliance
-
Period: to
Simón Bolívar
- Bolívar believed in a strong central government.
- He thought that political power should be divided among different branches of government.
- He was not willing to give all the people the power to vote until they were properly educated in how the political process worked.
- He also encouraged all the countries in Spanish America to join together as one nation to guarantee prosperity and security.
-
Ratification of Constitution of the United States of America
-
Estates General convened for the first time in 174 years
-
National Constituent Assembly and French Declaration of the Rights of Man
-
Beheading of King Louis XVI
-
Slave rebellion in Saint Domingue
-
U.S. Bill of Rights ratified by states
-
Period: to
French Revolution
-
Period: to
Haiti Revolution
-
French National Assembly gives citizenship to all free people of color in the colony of Saint Domingue.
-
France declares war on Austria
-
France declares war on Great Britain
-
All slaves on Saint Domingue emancipated by the French revolutionary authorities to join the French army and fight against the British
-
Toussaint leads troops against the British
-
French colonial forces defeated by Toussaint
-
Toussaint negotiates peace with the British
-
War ends between Great Britain and France
-
Constitution for Haiti
-
General Leclerc sent by Napoleon to subdue colony and re-institute slavery
-
New declaration of war between Great Britain and France
-
French withdraw troops; Haitians declare independence
-
Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France
-
British end the slave trade
-
Declarations of self-government in most Latin American colonies
-
French expelled from Spain.
-
Napoleon defeated and French empire reduced in Europe to France alone
-
French abolish slave trade
-
U.S. President Monroe declares doctrine against European interference with the new republics in the Americas, known as the Monroe Doctrine.
-
Jean-Jacques Dessalines crowns himself emperor of Haiti
