THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GENERATION: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

1940

The first computer systems used Vacuum Tubes for circuitry and Magnetic Drums for memory.
CHARACTERISTICS:
-Machine Language
-Punched Cards and Paper Tape
FIRST COMPUTER
UNIVAC
ENIAC

SECOND GENERATION: Transistors (1956-1963)

1956

Transistors replace vacuum. -Invented at Bell Tabs in 1947 (1950) CHARACTERISTICS
-Atomic Energy Industry.
-The transistors was far superior to the vacuum tube.
-More energy efficient and more reliable.
-Though the transistors still generated a great deal of heat.

THIRD GENERATION: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

1964

Transistors were miniaturized and placed on chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.

FOURTH GENERATION: Microprocessors (1971-Present)

1971

The Microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers. The intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971 from the central processing unitand. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Machintosh.
Fourth generation also saw the development of GUIS, the MOUSE and HANDHELD deviced.

FIFTH GENERATION: Artificial Intelligence (1983,Present and Beyond)

1983

JAPAN 1983: "Program of the fifth generation of computers"
U.S: Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Expert Systems

FIFTH GENERATION: Artificial Intelligence (1983,Present and Beyond)

1984

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

FIFTH GENERATION: Artificial Intelligence (1983,Present and Beyond)

1985

ROBOTICS (Isaac Asimov) 1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2.A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

1. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

FIFTH GENERATION: Artificial Intelligence (1983,Present and Beyond)

1986

EXPERT SYSTEMS

FIFTH GENERATION: Artificial Intelligence (1983,Present and Beyond)

1987

-SOME FEATURES
-MAIN CHARACTERISTICS