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The First World War

By Reed07
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    The First World War (Pt. 2)

    -- Who?
    --- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire,
    Bulgaria
    --- Allied Powers: Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan,
    United States (1917)
    -- Kaiser Wilhelm II, Mehmed V, Franz Joseph: The three
    emperors of the Central Powers in World War I
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    The First World War (Pt. 3)

    -- Where?
    -- Map of Europe during WWI: Originally, Italy, joined the Triple
    Alliance but after the war broke out, it switched sides and
    went to fight with the Triple Entente. Turkey later joined the
    Triple Alliance
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    Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war?

    -- America was isolationist.
    -- "Why should I get involved in someone else's problems?"
    -- The Monroe Doctrine (1823) sought to isolate "the American
    continents" from Europeans influences and problems.
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    Which side should the U.S. pick?

    Central Powers: 11 million German-Americans, Irish-Americans hated Great Britain Allies: Close cultural ties to other allies --- American, England, and France's economies were increasingly interdependent.
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    What did it take to get the U.S. involved?

    1. Blockades ---- Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America. --- May, 1915: Germany told Americans to stay off British ships, and they could and would sink them. --- Germany torpedoed the Lusitania sinking it with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans). --- It was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition.
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    What did it take to get the US involved

    --- The US sharply criticized Germany for its action.
    --- Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in
    the future.
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    What did it take to get the US involved

    -- The Zimmerman Note and the sinking of four unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war
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    What did it take to get the US involved

    1. Zimmerman Note
    -- The U.S. intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico
    -- It promised to give Mexico, back to for an attacking States
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    The First World War

    -- What?
    -- War involving nearly all of the nations of the world
    -- When?
    -- 1914-1918
    -- Why?
    -- Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie,
    Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28,
    1914. The assassination of Franz was the spark that ignited
    the war.
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    What did it take to get the US involved

    1. Unlimited Submarine Warfare
    -- In 1917, Germany announced "unlimited submarine warfare" in the
    war zone.
    -- Otherwise, Germany's blockade would not be successful
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    How was the war looking for the Allies?

    Not Good...
    -- Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917
    -- Russia's withdrawal allowed Germany to fight a one-front war with all
    of its troops concentrated on France
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    Idealism: 2 Goals For War

    1. Woodrow Wilson had to convince Americans that this would be the "War to End All Wars."
    2. He had to convince Americans that beating the Germans and its allies would make the world safe for democracy \
    On Christmas Eve in 1914, German and English soldiers stopped fighting to celebrate Christmas. It started was German troops decorated their trenches and began singing Christmas Carols, particularly "Stille Natch".
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    Convincing the American People

    Idealism: Fourteen Points -- President Wilson's Fourteen Points was his vision for the future after
    the war, including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations to
    work for world peace
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    How did the war affect the U.S.?

    Women -- Women filled factory jobs
    -- Women's war effort helped bring about passage of the 19th
    Amendment after the war giving women the right to vote. African Americans -- Black soldiers still served in segregated units.
    -- In the "Great Migration" thousands of African Americans moved to
    the North to work in factories
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    How did the war affect the U.S.?

    Enforcing Loyalty -- Hatred of all things German spread across the U.S. For example
    "sauerkraut" was renamed "Liberty Cabbage"
    -- The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 punished
    those against war, many of whom were labor leaders.
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    What ended the war?

    The Treaty of Versailles --After the Central Powers were exhausted by the war, especially after
    the US began fighting, it sought an armistice (the end of fighting)
    -- The Treaty of Versailles (ver-sigh) was signed between the Allied
    Powers and Germany
    -- It took land away from Germany.
    -- It dismantled Germany's military.
    -- It forced Germany to make reparations (payments) to the countries
    it harmed the war. -- Germany would end up sparking another war 20 years later