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CITE
CROSSROADS: A Meeting of Nations Textbook WIKIPEDIA:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Parliament
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Parliament
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuart -
Death of Elizabeth I
By the time "The Virgin" Queen Elizabeth I's death, she had left behind a powerful and wealthy English nation, thank to Elizabeth's triumphant 45 year reign. -
James VI Succeeds Elizabeth I
James VI of Scotland (who had ruled Scotland for twenty years) succeeded Elizabeth I of England. As Elizabeth died early in the morning of March 24th,1603,James was later named King later the same day. He then became James I of England, who was an absolute monarch not unlike is predecessors and successors. James was also was the first Stuart and believed in the Divine Right of Kings, which stated that all of the monarch's power came directly from God and that none could question his authority. -
Charles I succeedes James I
When James I died in 1625, Charles I, his son, took over a damaged England. He too being a Stuart and an absolute monarch, believed in the Divine Right of Kings and was unwilling to compromise with parliament. Charles loved extravagance, which his subjects complained about. But like his father, he was always in search of money, and had to consult parliament for. Within a few years after his accession to the throne, Charles had alienated many of people who may of otherwise supported him. -
James I of England Dies
When James died in 1625 due to stomach problems, he left behind a divided nation with many powerful and dissatisfied people. He tried to earn the love of his subjects, but acted to much like a tyrant to do so. He constantly was in search of money, and consulted parliament, who always resisted and bargened out a deal with each other (more tax for more power). Also, James was allied with the Church of England, and disliked Puritans. Finally, he left behind England to his son, Charles I. -
The Fight with Parliament Begins
As Charles I needed more money to support his extravagant lifestyle, he had to go to parliament to get it, but parliament, however, would only grant his request if he agreed to respect their own wishes. Charles usually refused the offers given by parliament. He searched for methods to rule without parliament (such as bring back ancient taxes and forcing loans, selling noble titles and the Court of Star Chamber), but eventually he needed more money that ever, and recalled Parliament. -
Charles I Recalls Parliament and Then Dashes it Once Again.
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Short Parliment is Called
The Short Parliament is called so that Charles I can get more money to pay soliders to fight the revolting Scots. But the Short Parliament symathizes with the Scots (which angers Charles), and once again, he shut it down only three weeks later. -
Long Parliament is Called
After the failure that was the Short Parliament, Charles called the Long Parliament (which sat for 13 years), but instead of helping Charles, it was even more unfriendly to him and it demanded that both Lord Strafford and Archbishop Laud to be removed from power and punished, and Charles gave in. It was determined that the monarch should never again have absolute power. It planned to pass the Grand Remonstrance, but their dilemma was that they didn't know just how much power the monarch had. -
The Rump Parliament
When the Civil War began, many members of parliament voted against the Grand Remonstrance, leaving parliament in the hands of Presbyterians and Puritans, who disagreed on may things.When the Parliamentry army sent Colonel Pride to drive out the 143 Presbyterians members out of parliament, called "Pride's Purge" and the King was charged with treason and making war against his own people. -
The Civil War
Charles declares war against Parliament. Many of Charles's supporters were called "Royalists" and "Cavaliers", who came from noble families and were trained for combat. Parliament's troopers were local militia and the Scots. The new leader of the 'New Model Army" was Oliver Cromwell. The army consisted of new, well-equiped soldiers called "Roundheads" who wore lobster-tall helmets. They defeated the Royalists, forcing Charles to flee to Scotland. -
Charles's Demise
When Charles fled to Scotland, he was handed over to Parliamnet, -
Charles I is Executed
Charles is put on trial for treason against England and ultimately is found guilty and sentenced to death. He is then executed at one o'clock and Charles I's rule was over. -
The Commonwealth Republic
When Charles I died, by ancient right, Charles II, Charles I's son, would become king. But when the Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarch, the Commonwealth Republic was born. -
The Lord Protector
When Oliver Cromwell lost patience with the Rump Parliament, he lead a troop of soldiers in to Parliament, drove all the members out and locked the doors, keeping the key in his pocket.Soon after, he was named "Oliver Cromwell the Lord Protector of England." Cromwell's dictatorship was very unpopular, but he was too strong to be resisted. Although he had become "Lord Protector," he saw himself as a failure, becoming a dictator-like ruler, which was what he fought against in the first place. -
Oliver Cromwell Dies
Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of England, died in 1658 at the age of 59 years old. When his son, Richard Cromwell proved incapable of ruling the nation, he resighned as Protector. The Commonwealth was over. -
The Restoration
After Cromwell's dealth, General Monk, commander of the army in the north, returned to Westminster and recalled the Long Parliament. The Parliament decided to restore the monarchy and the House of Lords. And so, they invited Charles II, son of Charles I, to become king. -
Charles II Becomes King
Charles II, son of Charles I, was invited to become King by the Long Parliament, and so he did. This was a very popular decision. A great rejoice occured when the monarchy was restored and Charles II returned to England as king. Parliament insisted that he be a constitutional monarch, which Charles accepted, secretly planning to regain the power of which his father had once had. Life had returned to life before the Commonwealth. -
The Test Act
The Test Act was passed by Parliament when Charles II tried to protect the religious freedom of Catholics. This act made the Church of England supreme. Catholics weren't allowed to hold political office or join the professions. Charles's brother James, who was Catholic, had to give up his job as High Admiral because of this act. Parliament had made it clear that they made the laws, not him. -
James II succeeds Charles II
When Charles II died in 1685, he was succeeded by his brother, James II. He was openly Catholic, but Anit-Catholic feelings were very high in England at the time. James also believed in the Divine Right of Kings and meant to take power away from Parliament. Rebellions broke out at his support dissappeared. -
Mary II and William of Orange Become Monarchs
When Parliament had invited William of Orange and Mary II to become King and Queen of England, they agreed. James's supporters began to flee the country, and eventually, so too did James himself, thus abdicating his throne. THis event came to be known as the "Glorious Revolution." For the first time, the onarch was chosen by Parliament, not by hereditary right. The Divine Right of Kings was dead and Mary and William agreed to the Bill of Rights. -
The End of The English Revolution (Bill of Rights is Passed)
As Mary II and William of Orange agreed to the Bill of Rights, it marked the end of the English Revolution. Thanks to the revolution, many events and things happened/were created that together, brought democracy as we know it today. Things such as the Bill of Rights, helped develop today's democracy. For example, the rights stated in the Bill of Rights are the basis of Canadians rights.
