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Charles I inherits the throne and causes problems with Parliament
Charles I took the throne at the age of 25, in 1625 in Scotland, when James I died. He became a strong, powerful king with an even stronger will. The first major problem with Parliament was caused when Charles I told affairs to George Villiers. George Villiers was a poor administrator of men and things. Parliament tried to impeach Charles I for refusing to vote supplies for the Thirty Years' War. Parliament also wouldn't grant money to Charles I because he refused to address the grievances of th -
Charles I dissolves Parliament
Charles I dissolves Parliament by saying Parliament is no longer doing their job or making jobs. He ruled without Parliament for 11 years. -
Long Parliament
After Charles I dissolved Parliament, there were several rounds of going back and forth. Charles I resorted to a forced loan, that was illegal. When there was a money shortage, Charles was forced to call Parliament back into session. For Parliament to be called back, Charles was forced to agree upon an Act. Parliament was called back into session and dissolved three times. -
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English Civil War
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Charles I tries to take over Parliament
On January 4th, 1642, Charles sent his soldiers to arrest 5 men: John Pym, Arthur Haselrig, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, and William Strode. They escaped before the soldiers arrived. Members of Parliament felt endangered and formed their own army. After failing to arrest the men, Charles fled from London, France. The Civil War was now bound to happen, so Charles formed an army. -
Beginning of Fighting in the War
Religion helped decide which people side with the king or Parliament. A cavalier was an adherent of Charles I. A roundhead was a person that supported the Parliament or Puritan party. -
Oliver Cromwell creates the New Model Army
The New Model Army was created in February of 1645 by Parliament. Parliament believed a professional army could defeat the king's army. This new military unit was support to transform the outcome of the Civil War. The commander-in-chief was General Fairfax. Oliver Cromwell was in charge of the cavalry. This army was based on your ability, not your position in society. The king's army had positions based on nobility. -
Charles' I Execution
When Charles surrendered to the Scots in 1646, Charles was handed over to Parliament where he was imprisoned in Northamptonshire. Charles escaped imprisonment and fled to Carisbrooke. He was recaptured and sent to Windsor Castle. Charles was then charged with treason and was sentenced to death. On January 30th, 1649, King Charles I was excuted by being beheaded in Whitehall Palace, London. -
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Commonwealth Period
England declared a "Commonwealth and free state," where the House of Commons served as supreme authority in the and. On October 9th, 1649, the first publication of Parliament's official newbook was issued. The country was a "de facto" republic, led by Oliver Cromwell. -
Charles II Coronation and Rule
Cromwell died in 1658, and Charles II took over the throne. Charles II agreed to give up all feudal dues that were owed by his father. In return, the Parliament granted him an annual income to run the government. -
James II's Rule
James was named king in 1685, after Charles II died. After several issues with Parliament, James believed the only way he could get ahead was by dissolving Parliament, repealing the Penal Laws, and holding a general election where the result would end in a Catholic Parliament. On April 1st, 1687, the Declaration of Indulgence was issued. On July 2nd, 1687, Parliament was dissolved. James lost the throne, and couldn't get it back. James remained in France until he died on September, 6th, 1701. He -
Glorious Revolution
This revolution is called "glorious" because there wasn't any bloodshed. James wanted to rule despotically and to re-establish the Roman Catholic religion. The people of England did not like this and revolted. This struggle ended with the people winning. A constitutional monarchy was now establish; all the power rested in the hands of the people. The people of England had finally achieved their freedom.
