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In AD 395, the emperor Theodosius divided the Roman Empire into two halves:
-The Western Roman Empire, whose capital was Rome.
-The Eastern Roman Empire, whose capital was Constantinople. -
In AD 476, the Western Roman emperors couldn’t withstand the attacks of the Germanic tribes. -
It was the greatest period of glory, when the empire conquered many territories
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This event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
The Hegira is the migration of Mohammed from Mecca to the city of Yathrib, later known as Medina in the year 622, because the Koraichi chieftains of the first city did not accept his teachings on the new religion, Islam. -
The caliphs were member of Muhammad’s family.
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He died after a brief illness. -
Muslim armies conquered
vast territories from Persia
to the Peninsula Ibérica. -
Ali Ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Orthodox caliphate and the first Shia imam, was assassinated by a Kharijite named Abd al-Rahman ibn Mulyam on January 26, 661, in the Great Mosque of Kufa, in present-day Iraq. -
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The Abbasids lost control over many territories.
The Turks challenged Abbasid rule.
A Mongol army killed the last Abbasid Caliph. -
It was an Andalusian Muslim state with its capital in Córdoba, proclaimed by Abderramán III in 929. -
In 1054, the East-West Schism took place.
This was a split between the Orthodox Church,
which recognised the Patriarch of
Constantinople, and the Roman Catholic
Church, which only accepted the authority
of the Pope. -
The first siege of Constantinople took place in July 1203 within the framework of the Fourth Crusade and ended with the overthrow of Alexios III and the coronation of Alexios IV. -
The Conquest of Baghdad in 1258 was a feat of arms that ended with the victory of the Mongol chief Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of the Mongol paramount chief Mongke Khan, over the Abbasid Caliphate and culminated in the taking, looting and burning of Baghdad. -
The Eastern Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in 1453.