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1. Phenakistoscope (Joseph platue,1832)
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2. Zoetrope (William Horner, 1834)
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3. Praxinoscope (Emile Raynaud, 1877)
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4. Zoopraxinoscope (Eadweard Muybridge, 1878)
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5. Kinetoscope (Thomas Edison, 1894)
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6. Cinematograph (Lumière brothers, 1895)
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8. Sound in animation, e.g. steamboat Willie (Disney, 1928)
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7. Translucent paper, e.g. to improve hand-drawn techniques, to create lawyer sprites.
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9. Standardisation of film, e.g. 24 fps
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Computer drawing software, e.g. CAD (computer-aided design)