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The Cold War
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**Manhaton Project
On this day Albert Einstine and many other scientist wrote letters to FDR regarding the development of the creation of the atomic bomb and why it should be created for WWII. So they desided to create an atomic bomb the development was called the Manhhaton Project. The development of the bomb perfectiong it and making it bigger and better lasted from 939 to 1945 -
Containment
This was a policy started in the US by Fredrick D Roosevelt in 1933 with Germany during WWII, but then was changed by Harry Truman in1946 during the Cold War with the Sovet Union, It was basicly a policy used to stop the spread of conunisim around Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Veitnam. This was made mainly responding to The Soviet Union's plan to spead communism. -
Iorn Curtain
Iorn Curtain The Iorn Curtain was established by the Soviet Union in 1946 to isolate themsevles and their allied eastern countries,from noncomunist and western ideas and areas. Later in 1953 when Stalin died the Iorn Curtain was dissolved but then it was later restored and recontructed when the Soviet Union created the Burlin Blockade. -
Truman Plan
The truman Doctrine was America's international relations policy created by President Harry Truman. It stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey militaraly, physicaly, or money wise to protect them from falling to the Soivet Union's communism spread. During the Greece Civil War America had to help Turkey against Greece, because they needed it more spending $400 million in the American money under the Truman Plan. -
Apartheid
This was segragation betweet the Eruopeans and the African people in South Africa that lasted from 1948 to about 1994. It started through a national party in the governments, which was introduced by the Dutch and british during colonial rule. But not only race like Asians, Natives, Africans, and Europeans were seporated, the women were segregated and degrated as well. -
Marshall Plan
This was the American plan to help and reconstruct Europe. Again this was created at the end of WW2 in order to stop the spread of communism from the Soviet Union. The US as a whole spent over $13 billion rebuilding Europe, removing trade barriers,moderizing the industries, rebuilding towns and making Europe prosperous again. -
Berlin Blackagde
This was when the Soviet Union tried block off Great Britain, France and the US from sectors of Berlin. Later the western powers sent airlifts to western Berlin to send supplies.This event lasted for about a year and was the first Major clash of the Cold War. -
**USSR Atom Bomb
In 1949 The Soviet Union created an atomic bomb, and successfully droped it and called it the "First Lightning." This caused the US to try ans make a better one called "Trinity," the first U.S. atomic explosion, This is what happened throughtout the Cold War the US and USSR kept making bombs trying to show eachother up. -
**Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
This was treaty/alliance with China and The Soviet Union promising China trade arrangements and military protection in the case of resurgent Japanese military power. And vise-versa with the Soviet Union and China. This made China and the Soviet Union a huge power house for the spread of communism. -
Korean War
The Korean war was a war between the communist North Korea and the Noncommunist South Korea. Started in 1950 when the North invaded the South and ended in 1953 where a treaty was signed agreeing that the North wouldn't attack the South. The south remained independent while the North helped spread communism along with China and the Soviets -
**Death of Stalin
After Stalin died, it led to confusion and anxainty for the future of the Soviet Union. And the US knew that, Stalin's death they wanted to stop the spread of communism because they knew that the communist would take over and the 'Domano Effect" would come into play, which it did and the Communist party did take over after the Death of Stalin and continued the spread of Communism ideals. -
**USSR Hydrogen Bomb
Soon after the US under Truman's presidency dropped and tested a Hydrogen bomb, a year later The USSR responded by creating their own Hydrogen Bomb. They dropped their bomb in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus, which were there nuclear arsenals. Unlike the Atom bomb, the Hydrogen bomb was 20 times more powerful, destroying over 20 square miles of land. -
Domino Effect Theory
This was a theroy the US beleived in when they tryed to control the spread of communism.They beleived that if one country turned to communism, than other countries would fall in that same communistic pattern. President Dwight D Eisenhower, made a speech on this theory and the US beleived this theroy and used it for about 20 years to control the spread of communism. -
**Warsaw Pact
This was known as "The Pact of Mutual Assistance and Unified Command" signed by Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. This also caused communistic governments to spread in each indiviual contry. This pact was used up until the fall of the Soveit Union in 1991. -
Veitnam War
The Vietnam War was the longest war the Us fought it. It started in1957 and ended in 1975. During the war Vietnam was separated into Communist-ruled North Vietnam and noncommunist South Vietnam. The North wanted to end all support from the US and the South and to unite the north and south into on Nation. The United States and the South Vietnamese army tried to stop them (the north) -
** Rosa Parks's Arrest
On December 1st,1955 during Segrigation in the US. Rosa Parks steped on the bus in Montgomery,Alabama and refused to give her seat up to a white man. And because she did that she didn't give up her seat. This started a lot of contervercy in Alabama for the African americans It pushed them to protest for equal right, starting the civil rights movements leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. -
**Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a protest during the time of segregation where African Americans refused to ride the bus after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and was arrested for it. MLK was a strong support and helpped organize this peaceful protest towards civil rights for African Americans. This was one of the first step African Americans took to end segragation and get equal right for all men. -
Great Leap forward
The Great Leap forward was a movement in China made by Mao Tse-tung to chand China's agrarian economy to a communist contry, to make China have a more modern society. It was a five year plan that lasted from 1958 to 1960. In this plan millions of chinese farmers couldn't own privet farms and had to work in community farms and in manufacturing. -
**Cuban Revolution
This was a revolution in Cuba led by Fidel Castro, who was trying to overthrow the dictator Fulgencio Batista. This gave him support from the communist party, and spread the communistic ideals throughout Cuba. They also gained The Soviet Union as a trade parter which angered the US, and this lead to the Bay of Pigs invation. -
OPEC
OPEC stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; It was an organization created in the 1960 with the oil-exporting nations. Those contries were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia Venezuela Qatar , Indonesia , Libya , the United Arab Emirates , Algeria , Nigeria , Ecuador , Gabon and Angola . -
Bay of Pigs
This was an invasion of Cuba, planned by Cuban exiles who were supported by the US army. The US trained and gave the Cuban Exiles wepons. The invasion was planned to stop the communism spread in Cuba, but eas unsuccessful because the plan was poorly planned and those Cuban exiles were taken as prisoners and a year later were released. -
**ICVN Missle Crisis (Cuban Missle Crisis)
The Cuban Missle crisis or October crisis was a conferenttion between the US and both Cuba and The Soviet Union. This was on the closest events that could have lead to a nuclear war. Both sides were ready to fight with missles and bombs pointed directly at each other. This lasted for 13 days, leaving US Citizens fearing for their lives. -
** I Have A Dream MLK
This was the imperational speech made by Dr.Martin Luthur King in Washington DC. that inspired many African Americans to stand up for their freedom , and their dream to stand together and be treated equal. This was another event that brought US citizens together to stand together and work together for the common goal freedom and the American dream. -
Tet Offensive
Tet Offensive was the turning point of the Veitnam war. It was series of suprise attacks by Veitcong and the North Veitnam forces throughout South Veitnam. Attacks began on January 31st of 1968 (the first day of Lunar New year) It took the Us Troops and South Veitnam troops many weeks to recapture their lost cities. -
**Lunar Landing (Apollo 11)
The Apollo 11 spacecrapht was launched July 16th if 1969, after obiting the earth for about 2 and 1/2 hours the b=space crapht left Earth's atmosphere and headed to the moon. After obiting the moon the space crapht sucessfully landed on the moon and this was televized all across the world. -
**Kent State Massacure
On May 4, l970 the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of Kent State University students protesting agaist the Veitnam War, killing four and wounding nine Kent State students. This event caused many collage students across the nation to protest and is forced hundreds of colleges and universities to close. -
Watergate
The watergate scandle was what caused President Nixon to get impeached or in other words quit being president. Bascily the name came from the Watergate hotel where Democrate commitie stayed and two men were found hiding in bugs in the microphones og the hotel to hear what the democrat commitie were saying, afterwards Nixon won the reelection. The US senate started trial on the scandle and Nixon refussed to had over the tapes from the Watergate hotel later leading to his impeachment. -
**SALT-1 Agreetment
This was the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty to curtail the build up of nuclear weapons between the USSR and the US. And this all led to Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty. This was the US and USSR agreeing to stop launching misslies and bombs. This led on for 7 years until the SALT-2 Agreement. -
1972 Olympics
This was known as the Munich Massacure. Basiclly during the Summer Olypics of 1972 in Munich,West Germany, Palestinian Terrorist who called themselves Black September, attaked 11 members of the Isreali Olympic team, taking them as hostages and eventually killing them and also killed a german officer. After the attack the terrorist demanded that the Israli's release the 234 prisoners in there jails. -
**Microsoft
Bill Gates and Paul Allen created Microsoft which was a computer software that was a big step in technology and is still used today on every single computer or labtop even tablets, It was also linked with the the creation of the internet and it is used widely to day we actually rely on this software everyday, like Microsoft Word, Excel, Office ,Power point,and ect. -
Ayatollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Khomeini was the poletical leader of Iran and the Iran revolution, which lead to the overthrow of the shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Then Khomeni was the offcial supreme leader of Iran. He lead his people with mailny releigon and political. He lead the Iran nation until death. -
Camp David Accords
Camp David Accords were the historical peace accords made between the US Isreal and Eygpt at Camp David,MD signed on March 26,1979 agreeing on peace. UNder this agreement Isreal and Eygpt agreed to negotieate and return Sinai Eygpt. -
**SALT-2 Agreement
This was a revized version of the SALT-1 Agreement Made 7 years later. Because the USSR and the US changed War stratages and created newer missles with better accreacy and large Warheads, this led to the SALT-1 Agreement havint to be changed leading to the SALT-2 Agreement, But it never actually was signed it was only talked about known as START. But the orriginal SALT-1 treaty was never broken until the Fall of USSR. -
Iran Hotage Crisis
This lasted from 1979 to 1981. On November 4th 1979, Iranian students took 52 America hostage and didnt release them until Shah ,former leader of iran, came back to Iran to stand trial for the crimes he commited. This was planned to only last for a short time but it dragged on for about 444 days. -
Perestroika and Glasnost
Perestroika and Glasnost were two policies made in the Soviet Union that ultimatly ended the Cold War. The Soveit Union were having a lot of economic issues where the people were suffering from lack of freedom. Communist party used these policies in hopes of reforming the Soviet Union, Both poloicies would change political system of the Soviets, Perstoika changed the economic system and glasnost changed the social system for the people,This led to the people protesting demanding freedom. -
** Superpower Treaty
This was an agreement between US an USSR similar to the SALT-1 and SALT-2 agreement, This was an agreement were boht sides agreed on getting rid of all the nuclear wepons. This also tied in with START and the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty. -
Tiananmen Square Masacure
In the Tiananmen Square Masacure students and chinese citizens organized non-violent protested in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, refusing to leave until demands for democratic reform were met. This caused the Chinese Military to take charge forcing the citizen to leave killing over 700 civillians in the process to get there point across. -
**Desert Storm
This was Us Military code for the First Gulf War. This lasted from August 2nd 1990 to February 28th 1991. This was the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. This was what caused the American-led Iraq War in 2003. The US got involved responding to the United Nation, supporting them with troops and Air force January 17th 1991 dropping bombs to end it . -
Fall of the Soviet Union
The Fall if the Soviet Union took place in Decamber 1st 1991 where the Soviet union fell into 16 different Indepentednt nations after The many issues The Sovite Union had to deal with became too much to handle when the contry became bankrupt because of all the military expences and the new policies causing the Soviet people to protest for independence ultimentaly leading to the fall of the Soveit Union. -
NAFTA
Nafta (North American Trade Agreement) war the Free trade agreement made between the United States,Canada, and Mexico. This agreement created the world's largest free trade area with 450 million people working and producing about $17 trillion worth of goods and survices. -
** 9/11 Terrorist Attack
This was the terrorist attack on the US by the Al-Qaeda. Two of the members of the terrorist group took over two us airplanes and crashed them into the twin towers in New York and one into the pentagon in Washington Dc and another one was headed to the White house, but wasn't successful. That day the US lost about 3,000 inocent civilian and over 6000 civilians were injered after the attack, This really changed the way the people lived it brought th citizen together and made the US more United.
