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Life of Alessandro Volta
Alessandro Volta, Italian scientist and inventor, lived from 1745 to 1827. During his distinguished career, he invented the voltaic pile in 1800, marking the beginning of the controlled generation of electricity. In addition, in 1776, he discovered and isolated methane gas, making a significant contribution to the field of chemistry. His life was a journey of discovery that left a lasting legacy in science and technology. -
The Classicism begins
One of the key events contributing to this change was the death of Johann Sebastian Bach in 1750. In addition, the work of composers such as Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Christoph Willibald Gluck, who experimented with new forms and styles, also influenced the emergence of musical Classicism. -
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Sturm and Drang
This German literary and artistic movement was characterised by its emphasis on emotional expression, individuality and reaction against societal restrictions. It influenced literary, musical and artistic works of the time. -
Declaration of Independence of the United States
This event marked the formal beginning of the Thirteen American Colonies' independence from British rule. The Declaration of Independence, drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, proclaimed the principles of liberty and equality, influencing political ideals in Europe and other parts of the world. The creation of the United States as a democratic republic also had implications for the form of government and economic relations in the region. -
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French Revolution
The French Revolution was a transformative political and social period that spanned a decade, from the so-called Third Estate to the consolidation of Napoleon Bonaparte's power as First Consul and later Emperor. Initiated by financial crisis and popular dissatisfaction, the Revolution led to the fall of the monarchy, the proclamation of the First Republic and fundamental changes in the social, political and economic structure of France. It was based on the principles of liberty, equality. -
Founding of the Louvre as a public museum
During the Classicism period, the Louvre in Paris was transformed into a public museum. The opening of the Louvre to the public marked a significant change in access to culture and art. This cultural event not only influenced public appreciation of art, but also became a model for the creation of other public museums around the world. -
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Napoleonic Era
During this era, Napoleon Bonaparte played a crucial role in European politics, consolidating his power in France and extending his influence through the Napoleonic Wars. -
Treaty of Tilsit
This treaty was signed between Napoleon I of France and Tsar Alexander I of Russia after the French victory at the Battle of Friedland. The Treaty of Tilsit significantly reshaped the political map of Europe. It established a brief but important peace between France and Russia, dividing Europe into French and Russian spheres of influence. This political settlement had economic and geopolitical implications for the region during the Classicism period. -
Lamarck's Theory of Evolution
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a French naturalist, published his work "Zoological Philosophy" in 1809, in which he presented his theory of evolution. Although Lamarck's theory was later superseded by that of Charles Darwin, his proposal that species evolve and adapt to their environment influenced scientific thinking and laid the foundation for later discussions of biological evolution. -
The Classicism ends
The end of musical Classicism is usually placed around 1820, marking the beginning of Romanticism. Several factors contributed to this, including the death of Ludwig van Beethoven in 1827. Beethoven, a leading composer of the Classical era, incorporated Romantic elements in his final works, serving as a bridge to the new era. Another relevant element is the evolution of musical styles, with later composers, such as Franz Schubert and Franz Liszt, exploring more romantic forms and expressions.