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Location: Eastern Mediterranean, Asia Minor
Eastern Roman Empire
Founded Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Constantinople: strategic location; Religious, political, trade capital
Important Rulers: Constantine, Justinian -
Location: China
Golden Ages of Chinese History
Porcelain chinaware, poetry become popular
Confucianism was the foundation of government
Tang built Great Canal
Song developed magnetic compass, paper money, military gunpowder
Participated in international trade networks -
Location: Middle East, Northern Africa, Iberian Penninsula
Capital: Mecca-> Syria
Developed centralized Islamic political state
Imperial government controlled by Caliph
Social Heirarchy: Arabs>nonArabs -
Location: Northwest Africa
Traded gold and salt
Relied on Berber Caravans for trade and prosperity -
Location:
Capital: Syria-> Baghdad
Overthrew Umayyad Caliphate
Dynastic, centralized government
More inclusive social hierarchy: Arabs=non Arabs
Influenced by Persians -
Location: Western Europe
Frankish Kingdom
Charlemagne extended Frankish rule over Gaul, Germany, Italy
Allied with Roman Catholic Papacy -
Location: SE Asia, Central Europe
Largest continuous empire
Founded by Chinggis Khan
Powerful military: used horses and archery
Brought peace, stability, and unity to region despite violent tactics
Helped reestablish Silk Road trade
Empire divided into 4 Khanates when Chinggis died: The Ilkhanate of Persia, the Chagatai Khanate, the Yuan Dynasty, and the Golden Horde -
Location: Indian Subcontinent
A Muslim Kingdom
Ruled by Sultans
Turks protected India from Mongol Invasion
Blended Hindu and Muslim culture
Ended by cruel Tamerlane -
Location: West Africa
Very large and wealthy empire
Monarchy ruled by a Mansa
Consisted of many small kingdoms that offered tribute
Empire prospered because it controlled and taxed trade
Mansa Musa made pilgrimage to Mecca, gave so much gold along the way that the price dropped -
Location: Mexico
Tenochtitlán: Religious, political, trading capital
Religion: Native mytholgy inspired by nature
Ritual human sacrifice
Large powerful army due to required male conscription
Built water canals that irrigated chinampas -
Location: West Coast of South America
Cuzco: religious, political capital
Impressive building: Inca Road Network, terraces, Machu Pichu
Used quipo counting system of knots and strings for record keeping