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Thoreau
Wrote a book about the concept of civil disobedience and to obey the law. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public was legal. This was know as the "Separate But Equal: Doctrine -
NAACP
An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality. -
Gandhi
Led India to independence and to follow the movements for Civil Rights and freedom across the world. -
Race Riots
A major racial conflict that happened in Chicago. -
Thurgood Marshall
Legal counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He guided the litigation that destroyed the legal underpinnings of Jim Crow segregation. -
Randolph
He learned to organize massive demostrations -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement. He fought equality for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court ruled "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks
Refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus -
Emmett Till
African American boy who flirted with a white women. He was shot and beaten. -
Little Rock School Integration
African American students were transferred to Little Rock High School top start the integration of blacks into white schools -
Freeedom Rides
One of the civil rights activist who rode buses through the south in the early 1960s to challenge segregation. -
March on Wahington
A political rally to Protest segregation over 200,000 people rallied in Washington D.C. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
Political Protest. Protesters were met with violence from citizens on Birmingham. -
Malcolm X
He was a Nationalist and religious leader. He was not sufficiently support the civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most workplaces. -
24th Amendment
Prohibited paying a toll for federal elections. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory to enroll voters denied at the local level. -
March From Slema to Montgomery for Voting Rights
African Americans peaceful protest from slema to Montgomery. The Protesters were beaten and met tear gas as they walked to Montgomery -
Black Panthers Party
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto -
The Sit-in
African Americans protest discrimination -
De jure vs. de Facto segregation
De jure - racial separation established by law
De facto - racial separation established by practice and custom, NOT a law
