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White Primary
The white Primary was people that thought whites where better than any other race. After the civil war the white primary disallowed blacks from voting. This was abolished because the 15th amendment was to allow black and all citizens the right to vote, and this violated it so they took it away.
http://www.jstor.org/pss/1949913
http://www.nathanielturner.com/educationandhistory.htm -
Integration of the Armed Forces
Harry Truman examined the argument of segregation. The members of the white house decided the President was trying to end the military segregation. Then Truman signed an order to the state that there should be equal treatment and the opportunity for all people in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin. http://www.history.army.mil/books/integration/IAF-12.htm
http://www.gop.com/index.php/issues/accomplishment/ -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
This was a landmark decision that the U.S Supreme Courts state laws stating that having black and white schools separated was unconstitutional. This decision overturned the Plessey v. Ferguson act of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation of black and white schools. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/3/82.03.06.x.html
http://www.greatplains.net/display/K20/Brown+vs.+Board+of+Education -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
When the white seats where all clamed all the blacks had to give up theirs. Every one moved but Rosa Parks, she got yelled at by the bus driver. Later the Supreme Court made racial segregation buses in Alabama and Montgomery unconstitutional. The boycott showed how important for nonviolent. The protest was to dare the racial segregation and was an example to the campaigns by the south. http://teacher.scholastic.com/rosa/sittingdown.htm
http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/article_overview.htm -
Change to Georgias flag
They changed the new flag by putting the old confederate flag into it. They say there are two reasons why they changed the flag. One reason was to honor the centennial of the Civil War. Also, the other reason was that the flag symbolized Georgia's resistance to integration. http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/ga_flag.htm
http://www.carrot-top.com/2x3-nylon-pre-2001-georgia-state-flag -
Crisis at Central High School and "Little Rock Nine"
Little Rock Nine was a group of black students that went to Little Rock Central High school. They had a crisis in the Little Rock Nine School where black students were disallowed from entering the racist segregated school. On the first day of school the National Guard refuses to let them enter and were threatened to be lynched. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath.html -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
The temple was bombed early in the morning. Dynamite went through the side of the wall of the building. The staff got a call from the "General Gordon of the Confederate Underground" they said they had bombed the temple in Atlanta. All nightclubs refused to fire their black employees and will also be blown up. They are going to blow up all Communist organizations.
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_Temple
http://jwa.org/media/temple-bombing-atlanta-georgia -
Sibley Commission
This was established for people to study the issue of school integration. Most Georgians said they would rather close down the schools then having to integrate them. This commission recommended that schools could choose what they wanted to do, which was to follow their choices or the federal law. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-10074&adv=y -
Integration of the University of Georgia
Charalayne & Hunter, two black students, walked into UGA causing uproar with the white only school. They were trying to attend the university because they met all the requirements. Vernon Jordan & Michel Martin had spoken and won the conflict of the issue ending with being a great historical event.
http://www.npr.org/2011/01/06/132708078/50-years-since-integration-at-the-university-of-georgia
http://the60sat50.blogspot.com/2011/01/wednesday-january-11-1961-integration.html -
Freedom Rides
Six whites and seven blacks left Washington, D.C., on two public buses headed to the South. They were testing if they could be able to ride on an interstate.Later some got severely beat to death. In result the protests had spread to train stations and airports across the South, and the ICC issued rules concerning segregation on buses. http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2011/05/righting-civil-wrongs-10-great-moments-civil-rights-history/
http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm -
Albany Movement
President William G. Anderson, a young black osteopath was a black doctor who leaded this movement. The NAACP and SNCC were also main people who were involved in this movement. This movement took place in the all "whites only" part of Albany Georgia's bus station. The protesters where mostly black and resulted in 1,000 of them where sent to jail.http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 http://www.visionaryproject.org/timeline/timeline_content/031a.html -
Birmingham, AL protests
The leader was MLK. It was organized by the SCLC. There were a lot of protesters because of the unequal treatment for blacks against whites, and they tried to thrive for attention. In Birmingham a boycott broke out from protesting. Then the leaders provided employment opportunities to all races, and end segregation in public places. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign
http://somekindofsign.blogspot.com/2012/02/charles-moore-civil-rights-photographer.html -
March on Washington DC
The March was a huge political riot for people fighting for their human rights. Also, the march helped look over the civil rights act, and the voting rights act. A major role play in the march was Martin Luther King's speech “I have a dream”. The speech helped change the minds of many to lean towards the civil rights movementt.
www.angelfire.com/pa/marchonwashington/
http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/march-washington-jobs-and-freedom-august-28-1963 -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
Many people did not agree with arguments ending se- gregation. The church was a target of the KKK from this. Members were Bobby Frank Cherry, Thomas Blanton, Herman Frank Cash, and Robert Chambliss. With acts of violence, they planted a time bomb under the steps of the church. The bomb killed four girls while injuring 22 people. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing</a>; http://
www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/randall/birmingham.htm -
John F. Kennedy’s assassination
He was travelling in the car with his wife Jacqueline In Dealey Plaza. He planned on given an appearance to the crowds of Dallas. When he arrived he was shot and died in the hospital. A ten month investigation was on his death by the Warren Commissionaires. Lee Oswald clamed with the crime and were sent to jail, two days later before the trial took place Lee got shot by Jack Ruby.
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination
http://www.terrasight.org/artists/John-F-Kennedy.aspx -
Civil Rights Act 1964 passed
The Civil Rights Act discriminated the race in hiring, promoting, and firing, and also it unequaled the voting requirements. The act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The act covered the relief against discrimination in public places, right to vote, and fair employment. Also it was a landmark piece by legislation. http://americanbusiness.org/2383-civil-rights-act-of-1964.html
http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_civil_rights_act_of_1964/ -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed this act. This act was a landmark piece of legislation that ended up unequal voting registration requirements. The rights covered relief against discrimination in public places. Also to protect constitutional rights in education and businesses, equal employment, and the right to vote.
http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=100
http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/commentary/200/entry -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
The leaders of the Summerhill riot are the SNCC and Stokely Carmichael. People accused them of following an alleged police brutality and inciting. So the conflict had turned into a riot. Therefore, the riot had gone on for four days. The aftermath was one death and multiple injuries. The riot revealed the frustrations in lower-income black communities. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApantherB.htm
http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/store/Products/85950-summerhill-race-riot.aspx -
MLK assassinated
Martin Luther King was killed in Lorraine Motel, Memphis, Tennessee on April 4. James Earl Ray was charged for the crime and was sent to jail. Atlanta reacted like no other states and wanted to honor Martin.
http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination
https://wiki-land.wikispaces.com/November+1963 -
All Georgia schools intergrated
The Supreme Court said to desegregate the southern schools they would have to separate the students by color. The black families would have to move to suburbs. The aftermath to that was that a lot of people had disagreed about this happening. An example of a difficult was to send black or white teachers and administrators in the same school or not.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desegregation
https://wiki-land.wikispaces.com/November+1963
