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Brown v Board of Education
On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision regarding the case called Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, in which the plaintiffs charged that the education of black children in separate public schools from their white counterparts was unconstitutional. The opinion of the Court stated that the "segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Desegregating Little Rock
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four students Ezell A. Blair, Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil, and Franklin McCain from North Carolina Agricultural & Technical College, sat down at the segregated lunch counter to protest Woolworth's policy of excluding African Americans
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student group, known as the Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), initiated the Atlanta Student Movement [22] and began to lead in Atlanta [23] with sit-ins
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Albany Movement
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First Freedom Ride
Feedom Rides were journeys by Civil Rights activists on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia, (1960) 364 U.S. that ended segregation for passengers engaged in interstate travel. Organized by CORE, the first Freedom Ride of the 1960s left Washington D.C. on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17. -
Intergration of Mississippi University
Beginning in 1956, Clyde Kennard, a black Korean War veteran, attempted to enroll at Mississippi Southern College (now the University of Southern Mississippi) at Hattiesburg. James Meredith won a lawsuit that allowed him admission to the University of Mississippi in September 1962. He attempted to enter campus on September 20, on September 25, and again on September 26, only to be blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett, On September 30, 1962, Meredith entered the campus under their escort. -
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Birmingham Campaign
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St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine, on the northeast coast of Florida was famous as the "Nation's Oldest City," founded by the Spanish in 1565. It became the stage for a great drama leading up to the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964.In 1964, Dr. Hayling and other activists urged the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to come to St. Augustine. The first action came during spring break, when Hayling appealed to northern college students to come to the Ancient City, not to go to the beach. -
March on Washington
A. Philip Randolph had planned a march on Washington, D.C. in 1941 to support demands for elimination of employment discrimination in defense industries; he called off the march when the Roosevelt administration met the demand by issuing Executive Order 8802 barring racial discrimination and creating an agency to oversee compliance with the order.Unlike the planned 1941 march, for which Randolph included only black-led organizations in the planning, the 1963 march was a collaborative effort of a -
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
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Mississippi Freedom Summer
In the summer of 1964, COFO brought nearly 1,000 activists to Mississippi—most of them white college students—to join with local black activists to register voters, teach in "Freedom Schools," and organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party -
Civil Rights Act
After considerable parliamentary maneuvering and 54 days of filibuster on the floor of the United States Senate, President Johnson got a bill through the Congress. On July 2, 1964, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964,[1] that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, sex or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations. -
Dr. King Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
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Boycott of New Orleans by American Football League players
The discriminatory practices that prompted the boycott were illegal under the Civil Rights Act of 1964,[1] which had been signed in July 1964. This new law likely encouraged the AFL players in their cause. It was the first boycott by a professional sports event of an entire city. -
Selma and the Voting Rights Act
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Memphis, King assassination and the Poor People's March
The day before King's funeral, April 8, Coretta Scott King and three of the King children led 20,000 marchers through the streets of Memphis, holding signs that read, "Honor King: End Racism" and "Union Justice Now". On April 9 Mrs. King led another 150,000 in a funeral procession through the streets of Atlanta.[54] Her dignity revived courage and hope in many of the Movement's members, cementing her place as the new leader in the struggle for racial equality.
