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Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
The empire was dissolved on August 6th, 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis II abdicated, following a military defeat by the French under Napoleon.
Category: Politcial Downfall -
Addresses to the German Nation
The Addresses to the German Nation is a political literature book by German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte that advocates German nationalism in reaction to the occupation and subjugation of German territories by Napoleon's French Empire.Fichte evoked a sense of German distinctiveness in language, tradition, and literature that composed a common identity.
Category: Literature -
German confederation
The German Confederation was an association of 39 German states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire.
Category: politics -
German Revolutions
The German revolutions of 1848 were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries. They were a series of protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire. The revolutions largely autocratic political structure of the 39 independent states of the Confederation that inherited the German territory of the former Holy Roman Empire.
category: warfare -
First Schleswig warriors
The First Schleswig War was the first round of military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The war, which lasted from 1848 to 1851, also involved troops from Prussia and Sweden. Ultimately, under international pressure, the Prussians had to withdraw their forces. As a result, the war ended in a Danish victory over the rebels.
category: war -
General German Workers' Association
The General German Workers' Association was a German political party initiated in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony by Ferdinand Lassalle. The organization existed by this name until 1875, when it combined with a rival organization to form the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. This was the first German Labor Party.
category: political -
Second Schleswig war
The Second Schleswig War was the second military conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the nineteenth century. The war began when Prussian forces crossed the border into Schleswig. Denmark fought the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire. Reasons for the war were the ethnic controversy in Schleswig and the co-existence of conflicting political systems within the Danish unitary state.
category: warfare -
Seven Weeks' War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies on the other, that resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states. Prussia had also allied with the Kingdom of Italy, linking this conflict to the Third Independence War of Italian unification.
category: warfare -
North German Confederation Treaty
The North German Confederation Treaty was the treaty between the Kingdom of Prussia and other northern and central German states that initially created the North German Confederation, which was the forerunner to the German Empire. This treaty, and others that followed in September and October, are often described as the August treaties, although not all of them were concluded in August 1866.
category: treaty, politics -
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded.
category: warfare -
Kulturkamof
In the Kulturkampf, Bismarck tried to minimize the influence of the Roman Catholic Church and of its political arm, the Catholic Centre Party, through various measures but without much success. The Kulturkampf antagonised many Protestants as well as Catholics, and was eventually abandoned. Millions of non-Germans subjects in the German Empire, like the Polish, Danish and French minorities, were discriminated against, and a policy of Germanisation was implemented.
category: political movement -
Germany is born
During the Siege of Paris, the German princes grouped in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles and made the Prussian King Wilhelm I as the "German Emperor". The German Empire was founded, with the German states unified into a single economic, political, and administrative state.
category: foundation of a country