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The Red Army captures Berlin After the World war 2, on May 1945 Berlin is divided into four sector: the Americans,British,And french the West. The Soviet in the east.
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A 30 day valid interzonenpass or inter-zone passport is required to travel between the sector in Germany. It was still possible to cross between the two sectors, although it was becoming increasingly dangerous.
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currently reform in Britain, Berlin is divided into two different currency zones.
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The United States begins the Berlin Airlift to keep Berlin supplied with food and fuel.
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The demarcation line between East and West Germany is safeguarded at the instigation of the soviet military administration.
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The United States, Canada and Western European countries sign the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Washington.
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End of the Berlin blockade.
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Founding of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).
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End of the Berlin Airlift.
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The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is proclaimed in East Berlin.
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East German leaders meet with Stalin in Moscow. At the meeting Stalin’s foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov proposes that the East Germans should “introduce a system of passes for visits of West Berlin residents to the territory of East Berlin [so as to stop] free movement of Western agents” in the GDR.
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Border between East and West Germany and between East Germany and West Berlin is closed. Only the border between East and West Berlin is still opened.
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Riots by East Berlin building workers against the working conditions are suppressed by the Red Army.
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The Western Powers waive the Interzonenpass, the Soviet Union follows but East German citizen need a permission to travel to the West.
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Leaving East Germany without permission is forbidden and violations are prosecuted with prison up to three years.
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Meeting between Nikita Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht. “We must create the conditions so that the GDR economy will not be vulnerable to our enemies. We didn’t know that the GDR was so vulnerable to West Germany. This is not good; we must correct this now.” (W. Ulbricht)
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First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of the GDR and Staatsrat chairman Walter Ulbricht states at an international press conference: “Niemand hat die Absicht, eine Mauer zu errichten!” (No one has the intention to erect a wall). It was the first time the colloquial term Mauer (wall) was used in this context.
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President John F. Kennedy gives a speech just days before the border between East and West Berlin is closed. He stresses the need for NATO countries to hold onto West Berlin and says any Soviet attack on Berlin would be equivalent to an attack on NATO. “Those who threaten to unleash the forces of war on a dispute over West Berlin should recall the words of the ancient philosopher: ’A man who causes fear cannot be free from fear.” (John F. Kennedy)
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Nikita Khrushchev reacts to President Kennedy’s speech to the leaders of the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Khrushchev was preparing to seal the borders of East Berlin with a concrete wall, but the plan was kept top secret. The speech betrays Khrushchev’s concern with the new Kennedy government and the possibility of a war beginning with confrontation in Berlin — and possibly ending in nuclear destruction. “You convinced yourself that Khrushchev will never go to war ... so you scare us [expecting]
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The Berlin border between East and West Berlin is closed. The zonal boundary is sealed in the morning by East German troops. “Shock workers” from East Germany and Russia a seal off the border with barrier of barbed wire and light fencing that eventually became a complex series of wall, fortified fences, gun positions and watchtowers heavily guarded and patrolled. In the end, the Berlin Wall was 96 miles (155 km) long and the average height of the concrete wall was 11.8 ft (3.60 m). Over the cour
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Brandenburg Gate is closed.
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Conrad Schumann, the first East German border guard, escapes by jumping the barbed wire to West Berlin. The first concrete elements and large square blocks are used on this date. Within the next months the first generation of the Berlin Wall was build up: a wall consisting of concrete elements and square blocks.
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The barbed wire barrier is being removed and replaced with a wall of concrete blocks. This first Wall around Berlin was two meters high, made from different building materials assembled into a rough construction.
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All crossing points are closed for West Berlin citizens.
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A second Wall is being built to prevent escapes to the West. The first Wall is improved over the next years and it becomes difficult to distinguish between the first and the second generations of the Wall.
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Peter Fechter, 18, a bricklayer from East Berlin, is shot and left to bleed to death in full view of western media. Bystanders in the West tried to rescue him, but were prevented from it at gunpoint.
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President J. F. Kennedy visits Berlin and declares: “Ich bin ein Berliner.” (“I am a Berliner.”)
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After 7 rounds of negotiations between the Senate of Berlin and the East German authorities, an administrative agreement is signed allowing West Berliners to visit their relatives in East Berlin on a limited basis.
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A new Wall generation, the third, is introduced to replace the old construction. The new one consists of concrete slabs laid between H-shaped steel concrete supports. A round, 0,40 meter large concrete tube capped the wall making it more difficult to climb over.
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The Four Power Agreement over Berlin is reached. It charges the governments of West Berlin and the GDR with negotiating an accord that would regulate access to and from West Berlin from the FRG and secure the right of West Berliners to visit East Berlin and the GDR.
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The Basic Treaty is signed in which both German states committed themselves to developing normal relations on the basis of equality, guaranteeing their mutual territorial integrity as well as the border between them, and recognizing each other’s independence and sovereignty. They also agreed to the exchange of “permanent missions” in Bonn and East Berlin to further relations.
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The Transit Agreement is reached that arranged the matters raised in the Four Power Agreement and also secured the rights of GDR citizens to visit the FRG, but only in cases of family emergency.
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East and West Germany establish formal diplomatic ties.
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An explicit firing order is issued to a special team of Stasi agents tasked with infiltrating regular units of border guards to prevent their colleagues from defecting. “It is your duty to use your combat ... skills in such a way as to overcome the cunning of the border breacher, to challenge or liquidate him in order to thwart the planned border breach. ... Don’t hesitate to use your weapon even when border breaches happen with women and children, which traitors have often exploited in the past
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Construction of the infamous ‘Stutzwandelement UL 12.11’, known also as Grenzmauer 75 (Border Wall ’75) begins. This new installation — a second wall — penetrated deeper into East German territory and included a touch-sensitive, self-firing fence. The product of a large-scale development and testing program, it was made of L-shaped sections of pre-cast concrete used by farmers to build open silos. Each section was 3.60 meters high and 1.20 meters wide and was topped off by a smooth asbestos-conc
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President Ronald Reagan visits Berlin and calls on Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
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Chris Gueffroy is the last person to be killed trying to cross the Wall.
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Communist Hungary removes its border restrictions with Austria.
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The Hungarian government opens border for East German refugees More than 13,000 East Germans escape into Austria.
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An estimated one million people attend a pro-democracy demonstration in East Berlin’s main square. Within days, the East German Government resigns.
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The East German government announces that visits in West Germany and West Berlin will be permitted. Thousands of East Berliners pass into West Berlin as border guards stand by. People begin tearing down the wall which is opened.
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The Brandenburg Gate is opened.
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Germany is formally reunited.