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Roanoke
Roanoke was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, but did not survive long. In 5 years, all the colonists at Roanoke will have vanished with no trace of them at all. There were many reasons why the colony could have failed: drought, Indians, or famine. Although, The true reason all the colonist left is unknown.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roanoke-colony-deserted -
Jamestown
Jamestown, named after King James I, was the first permanent English settlement in North America. The Virginia Company funded the trip, so they picked out the location for Jamestown and who was to lead the people. With many of the settlers dying from disease and hunger, the Powhatans came to their aid with food and help. John Rolfe helped save Jamestown, he made the settlers dig wells and plant food and tobacco. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/a-short-history-of-jamestown.htm -
The Mayflower, Plymouth, and The Mayflower Compact
With the landing of the Mayflower in Cape Cod Bay, Pilgrims from England, who left because of religious conflict, founded Plymouth colony. The original destination of the ship was Virginia, but their ship was blown off course and rather than risk traveling farther they settled in Massachusetts. Cape Cod was outside of the control of the London Company. Therefore in order to have a government, the men of the group signed the Mayflower Compact, which established a self-governing colony. Book p.67 -
Great Migration
The Great Migration was a great move of Puritans from England to the Americas or the New World. The moved in order to escape religious prosecution and economic ruin. Book p.68 -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1,000 Puritan settlers on 11 ships sailed from England to Massachusetts, with royal permission to start a colony. The settlers believed they had a covenant with God to build a society based on Scriptures, or a model community. They established the colony as a bible commonwealth, and had their society based on cooperation between church and state. Book p.69 -
Maryland
Cecilius Calvert was the owner over millions of acres of land in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Granted the land by Charles I, Calvert named the land Maryland after his wife Henrietta Maria. Maryland started as a refuge for Roman Catholics, but after not enough Roman Catholics came Calvert opened his colony up to Protestants in hopes to make more money. Eventually Protestants outnumbered the Roman Catholics and the Toleration Act was passed to guarantee religious freedom to all Christians. Book p.74 -
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker and a congregation of Puritans didn't agree with how the Massachusetts Bay Colony was leading, so in order to escape their rule they traveled to unsettled region called the Connecticut Valley. There in an old Dutch fort they established the city of Hartford, which with two other cities and three more years would turn into the colony of Connecticut. http://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/Connecticut.html -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island, a colony that promised religious freedom, was founded by Roger Williams. Unlike most Puritan societies, Roger wanted his to be one where there is a separation between church and state. Even though he had different beliefs, he was able to secure a charter for his colony. The colony attracted others who had unpopular beliefs. Book p.73 -
House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was the first legislative assembly in the American Colonies. The Burgesses were representatives of counties or sometimes specific cities throughout the state of Virginia. They gained power in the Virginia Government and had the authority to elect Virginia's Governor and make other important decisions.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/House_of_Burgesses -
Maryland Toleration Act
With Maryland as a safe haven for Roman Catholics, Catholics from England started to come over but also many Protestants. Eventually the Catholics were out numbered. They passed the Toleration Act, which granted religious freedom to anyone who believed in the Trinity, which combated the Protestants. Laws were brought about and punishments enforced, if you did anything against the trinity. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1601-1700/maryland-toleration-act-11630122.html -
The Carolinas
King Charles II gave eight supporters land between Virginia and Spanish Florida, which they named Carolina in his honor. The colony was divided into two parts later on: North and South Carolina. The colony's proprietors were not able to govern the colony well so in the 1720s the Crown took control of the Carolinas. South Carolina was a major spot for plantations, and North Carolina was big for small farms. Book pgs.80-81 -
New York
In New Netherlands, a colony of the Dutch, Peter Minuit purchased from Native Americans the area of Manhattan. After a length of time, four English warships arrived in New Amsterdam with the goal of taking over the city. With the promise to the people that they could keep their commercial rights, the people gave the city to the English without a fight. Once in English control, they renamed the city New York after, James, Duke of York. https://www.thoughtco.com/new-york-colony-103878 -
Bacon's Rebellion
Poor farmers and laborers wanted access to western land, which belonged to Powhatan Natives. Eventually a group of whites attacked a group of Susquehannocks, which sparked the Susquehannocks to fight back and attack outlying plantations. The government wouldn't fight for the plantation owners but Nathaniel Bacon would. He would go on to fight and kill a bunch of Native Americans, only ending with his Death. Book p.77 -
Pennsylvania
William Penn was made a proprietor of a large sum of land, by Charles II, as to repay Penn's father of a large sum of money. Penn wanted his colony to be a haven for Quakers. He also wanted it to be a place where people of different nationalities and religious beliefs could build their lives and live peacefully together. He even had his colony treat Native Americans fairly. Book p.82 -
The Great Awakening/The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was based on the emphasis of human reason and progress. This was a revolution of ideas in science and logic. Enlightenment thinkers challenged traditional authority, and sought out bettering humanity through rational change. The Enlightenment lasted all the way though the 18th century, and inspired the American and French Revolutions. http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment -
Salem Witch Trials
The Witch Trials started after a group of girls, claimed to be possessed by the devil and called out other girls as witches. This spread mass hysteria, causing a special court to be established, 19 women to be hanged, and many others to be accused of using witchcraft. https://www.thoughtco.com/new-york-colony-103878 -
Salutary Neglect
This policy was not an official policy stated by the British at the time. It was a system where the colonists were allowed to violate the laws associated with trade. The reason they were allowed to violate the laws is because there was no real enforcement, since it was so expensive to send British troops to the colonies. The British Empire still wanted the goods from the colonies though, as it was a significant profit. https://www.landofthebrave.info/salutary-neglect.htm -
French-Indian War
This war started over control of land in the Ohio Valley. The Virginians having bought the land in the Ohio Valley wanted to protect their purchase so they built a fort to do just that. It failed, as the French thinking the land was theirs, drove the Virginians off the land and took over the fort. The British would attempt to get the land back, but the French had the Native Americans on their side to help them. However, in the end the Iroquois joined the British and they won. Book pgs. 92-93 -
The Albany Plan of Union
This plan, proposed by Benjamin Franklin, proposed a loose confederation in order to form a defense against the French. It was held in Albany, New York, where seven colonies, and the Iroquois League met in hopes to pass this plan. Unfortunately, the plan was rejected, with the thoughts that it would raise taxes and give Great Britain too much power. Since the English could not join together on a plan, the Iroquois would not commit their support to them. Book p.91 -
Proclamation of 1763
This Proclamation's goal was to stop the encroachment of colonists onto Native American's land west of the Appalachian Mountains. This Proclamation was used to strengthen the grip Britain had on the Colonies after the French and Indian War. It also included that citizens and colonial governments could not have relations with the Natives, but that the British Empire would deal with them. http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of
