The Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Periods

Mathematician in India calculates value of PI

500

Srinivasa Ramanujan, the Indian mathematician discovered the formula for computing Pi. Ramanujan also made contributions to analytical theory, elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series. Because Srinivasa Ramanujan existed Pi exists and is still used today.
“Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan.” Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ramanujan.html.

Justinian I becomes Byzantine emperor

527

Justinian took the throne of the Byzantine Empire in 527. He regained the lost provinces of the lost Western provinces of the Roman Empire. Reinstated the Roman law and had a long list of architectural achievements.
“Justinian.” Middle Ages Reference Library, Encyclopedia.com, 13 Nov. 2019, www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/ancient-history-late-roman-and-byzantine-biographies/justinian-i.

Chinese invents gunpowder

800

The invention of gunpowder was accidental. It was first invented by alchemists who tried to make a potion for immortality. It was a mix of sulphur, saltpeter and charcoal. At the end of Tang Dynasty (618-907) gunpowder was being used for military.

Charlemagne, who unites much of Europe, crowned emperor of Holy Roman Empire

800

Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on Christmas day. Charlemagne was called “Father of Europe”. Heunited most of Western Europe for the first time since the original Roman Empire.

Christian Church divides into east and west branches

1054

The split that created Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Catholics. The Eastern Church became the Greek Orthodox Church severed all ties with Rome and the Roman Catholic Church, from the pope.

First "holy wars" called Crusades begins

1095

The crusade expeditions began in 1095 and concluded in1291. They were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. When the “holy wars” had ended, they left a lasting effect on The Roman Catholic Church. The crusades had left an increase in wealth and the power of pope was elevated. Transportation and trade has also been improved throughout Europe. In result, ship-building and various manufacturing options had been implemented.

Genghis Khan Begins Mongol conquest of much of Asia

1206

Genghis Khan ended up forging the initial Mongol empire in Central Asia. The Buddist Qocho kingdom ended up surrendering and joined this empire. Genghis Khan then continued to expand and became the largest contiguous empire throughout history after his death.

West African kingdom of Mali emerges

1235

The West African kingdom was the second of three to merge. After emerging, the empire grew to more than 1,800 miles and between the Atlantic ocean. It was also placed strategically between the West African gold mine and the rich Niger River floodplain.

Joan of Arc burned at stake

1431

On May 30, 1431 the Joan of Arc was burned at stake. They had burned her at the stake in Rouen, France. They had immortalized the nineteen year old and used her as a symbol for the french during the Hundred Years’ War.

Ottomans conquer Constantinople

1453

After surrounding the Constantnople’s wall for fifty five days, Sultan Mehmed ll of the Ottoman Empire was on a conquest to break through the Constantinople’s protective wall. He had conquered this goal by consistently firing off connons. This left the Ottomans to expand into eastern Europe.