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Oct 1, 1519
Charles V inherits a huge empire.
Charles I became king of Spain. Therefore, he also came the ruler of the Spanish colonies in the Americas. When his other grandfather died in 1519, Charles I became heir to the sprawling Hapsburg empire. As the ruler of this empire, he took the name of Charles V. Ruling two empires made Charles be involved in constant warfare. -
Period: Apr 11, 1550 to
Spain's Golden Age
Known as the ‘’golden century’’ for the brilliance of its art and literature. Phillip II was a patron of the arts who founded academies of science and mathematics. Many artists and legends like El Greco rose. -
Period: Apr 11, 1560 to
Religious Wars between Huguenots tore France apart.
Leaders on both sides used the strife to further their own ambitions. One big incident that occurred was the massacre of 3,000 Huguenots. While Huguenot and Catholic nobles were gathered for a royal wedding, Catholic royals led the massacre. -
Apr 11, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
Philip fought many wares in order to advance Spanish Catholic power. The Ottoman empire continued to give a threat to European control of the reign. At the battle of Lepanto, Spain and its Italian allies defeated and Ottoman fleet. Christians hailed the battle as a great victory even though the Ottoman Empire would remain a major power in the Mediterranean. -
Thirty-Years War starts
The Thirty years war was actually a series of wars, beginning in Bohemia. Ferdinand suppressed Protestants and asserted royal power over nobles. A few rebellious Protestants tossed two royal officials out of a window. This act came to be known as the Defenestration of Prague. It created a revolt, creating a European war. -
Louis XIII appointed Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister.
When Henry VI was killed, his nine-year-old son inherited the throne. Nobles reasserted their power during this time. In 1624, Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister and he was an extremely capable leader and helped strengthens the central government. -
Charles I inherits the throne.
Charles behaved like an absolute monarch and he imprisoned anyone without trial and pushed the nation for money. His need led him to raise taxes and forced Charles to create a Parliament in 1629. The parliament consisted of many things, like the document prohibited the king from raising taxes without the Parliament’s consent. -
The Long Parliament Begins.
It was previously known as the 1640 Parliament. Charles and Laud tried to impose Anglican prayer book on Scotland. The Calvinist soon started a revolt after this. To get funds to push the Scottish rebellion, Charles commanded this Parliament. -
the Peace of Westphalia finally ended the Thirty-Years War.
The treaties aimed both to bring a general European peace and to settle other international problems. France came to be the winner, gaining territory on Spain and German teritorries. Others like Hapsburgs was not fortunate, loosing their independence. Netherlands and the Swiss Federation won recognition as independent states. -
Charles I is executed.
Charles I died on a cold January day. He spoke to his people and he said that he was a martyr of the people and he deserved death. The king told the executioner that he would give him the sign that would lead him to his death. He knelt and placed his neck on the block and gave the go sign. After he died, the execution sent shock waves throughout Europe. -
Louis XIV persecuted Huguenots
He revoked the Edict of Nantes. More than 100,000 Huguenots left France and most of them went to England, Netherlands, Germany, Poland or the Americas. They were one of Louis greatest and hardest workers. -
Peter died.
He left a mixed and unattended legacy. When he died, he left many good things behind him. For example, he had expanded the Russian territory and gained ports on the Baltic Sea. Also, he ended Russia’s isolation from the rest of the world, which was key for Russian’s progression. Finally, when he died nobles ignored his policy of service of state. -
European powers formed alliances.
The alliances consisted of Austria, Prussia, France, Britain, and Russia. Prussia battled Austria even with the alliances formed. They competed for control over German states. These rivalries sometimes resulted in worldwide conflict. -
Catherine, King Frederick II of Prussia, and Emperor Joseph II of Austria hungrily eyed Poland
The Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth had once been a great European power. The rulers were no able to centralize their power or to make the influence of Polish nobility. The divided Polish government was ready to increase its strength by looking forward to unite and make the Polish government bigger. -
The three monarchs agreed to partition.
A partition was made up or to divide Poland. With this, Catherine took part of eastern Poland where many Russians and Ukrainians lived. In the west, Frederick and Joseph took control.
