-
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown Vs. Board of Education was a landmark U.S Supreme Court case in which the Supreme Court deemed it unconstitutional to have segregated schools. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white person on the public bus. Because of this event she got arrested. This was one of the events that sparked the Civil Rights Movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started after Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat on a public bus. Around 17,000 people participated in the bus boycott. -
Voting Rights Act of 1956
Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1956. The Voting Rights Act outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been going on in the U.S at that time. -
Montgomery Bus Segregation
Supreme Court bans segregated seating on all of the Montgomery Busses. -
Desegregation of Little Rock AR.
President Eisenhower orders federal troops to desegregate Little Rock school in AR. Nine African American students were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. -
Four Spirits by Sena Jeter Naslund
Stella Silver is a white twenty year-old girl. She grew up in Bermingham, Alabama. The Civil Rights movement is going on and at first Stella stays away just like every other white person. After witnessing some of the tradgic events that happened to black people Stella decided to take a stand. -
Summary of the 60's
The 60's was a big decade for both domestic and foreign policies. The Civil Rights movement was at a high point, with several changes occuring. The Jim Crow Laws were in effect in the South, where almost everywhere you went was segregated. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the leaders of this movement causing blacks to use marches, sit-ins, and peaceful approaches to get their point across. JFK, MLK Jr. and RFK all got assassinated in this decade. -
Map of Alabama
Alabama is where most of the events in Four Spirits occur, and it is also where a lot of events occurred in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Woolworth Lunch counter sit-ins
Four college students sat down at the Woolworth Lunch counter and refused to get up until they were served. This was the first sit-in which sparked so many young people to get involved. Four of Stella Silver's friends participated at a sit-in at a Woolworth lunch counter. -
Freedom riders attacked
The Freedom Riders was a bus full of civil rights activists who rode from Washington D.C. to New Orleans. Thr Freedom riders were attacked in Alabama, which was organized by the Birmingham police. -
Civil Rights March "The Childrens Crusade"
Children participated in a march which resulted in Birmingham police attacking them with dogs and firehoses. It was not common for children to participate in marches because it was very dangerous and not many people supported it. Stella Silver witnessed this horrible event from afar, and she couldn't imagine how anyone could do this to humans, let alone children. -
March on Washington
250,000 Americans participated in the March on Washington. It occured in Washington D.C. It was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. -
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing
There was a bombing at a black church which killed four girls named Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Denise McNair. All of the people attending church that day were terrified. Some tried to help others out of the church, and helped to calm others. It was said that it was an attack on the black people of the community from white people. -
The assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy got shot in a parade in Dallas, TX. Stella Silver was extremely upset about this event. She loved the president, and she thought the whole country would fall apart without him. Many of Stella's friends did not share her pain though, many did not seem to care. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. -
Civil Rights March
There was a Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery. Martin Luther King Jr. got arrested for parading without a permit. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was sworn in as the first black Supreme Court Justice. -
Assassination of MLK Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis TN. MLK Jr. was a famous Civil Rights activist, and was one of the leaders of it. He sparked a revolution for all blacks.
