-
1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi
This dome was built between 1420 and 1436 by Filippo Brunelleschi.This is the largest mansory in the world.Also,this dome was planned in 1300s and he do it without the reinforment in woods, since none could do a cupola of this size.Now, let's talk about the structure.It is an octagonal structure in stone and brick masonry, with external diameter 54.8 metres and interior diameter 45.5 metres.It consists of two domes: one internal and the other external, each composed of eight "sails". -
Period: 1450 to
Renaissance
Period in which European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages. The Renaissance witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and inventions like powerful innovations such as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder. To the thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of Classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
This work was commissioned by the Cardinal de Saint Denis, French ambassador to the Holy See. The sculptor (Michelangelo Buonarroti) was only 20 years old.The acceptance contract stated that it had to be delivered within a year, for the amount of 450 ducats.The Pietá has a triangular structure. In it the Virgin is represented, young and beautiful according to the Neoplatonic ideal. On his lap Christ rests inert, abandoned, without any sign of suffering or pain. -
1509
The school of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
School of Athens was painted by the artist Raphael, in the Stanza della Segnatura, a room in Pope Julius II’s private apartments in the Vatican. It is perhaps the most famous of all of his paintings.Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante.The theme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura, the most famous room, was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy. -
Period: 1520 to 1522
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
The War of the Communities of Castile, or revolt of the Commoners, took place during the reign of Charles I, between 1520-1522. It was an armed uprising led by the so-called community members from the cities of the Castilian interior, with Toledo and Valladolid at the head of the uprising. This uprising has received various The arrival of Charles I to Castilla, barely knowing how to speak Spanish and bringing with him nobles and clerics ,and caused the fear of the loss of their power and status. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
The rebellion of the Alpujarras of ,sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region. The rebels were Moriscos, the nominally Catholic descendants of the Mudéjares (Muslims under Castilian rule) following the first rebellion of the Alpujarras. Most of the Morisco population were expelled and dispersed throughout the Kingdom of Castille. Catholic settlers were brought in to repopulate them. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The Eighty Years' War , also known as The Dutch Revolt and Dutch War of Independence was a military conflict between the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands and Spain, which then governed them.It began during the reign of King Philip II of Spain. Peace was concluded in 1648 with the establishment of the Dutch Republic.The causes of the war:Philip II's political and religious policies in the Spanish Low Countries (the Netherlands), particularly high taxation and persecution of Protestants. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
The Spanish Armada was the defining moment of Elizabeth I's reign. Spain's defeat secured Protestant rule in England and launched Elizabeth onto the global stage.The Spanish Armada was one part of a planned invasion of England by King Philip II of Spain.Launched in 1588, ‘la felicissima armada’, or ‘the most fortunate fleet’, was made up of roughly 150 ships and 18,000 men. At the time, it was the largest fleet ever seen in Europe and Philip II of Spain considered it invincible. -
Period: to
Baroque art
Is an art movement that characterized Europe from the early 17th to mid-18th century's. Baroque emphasizes dramatic, exaggerated motion and clear interpreted detail. Baroque art has often been defined as being bizarre.The Baroque era was defined by the influences of the major art movement which came before the Renaissance. So much so that many art history scholars have argued that Baroque art was simply the end of the Renaissance and never existed as a cultural or historical phenomenon. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
Apollo and Daphne – a marble sculpture in the Baroque style in natural size, made by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini and executed in 1622-1625. Placed in the Borghese Gallery in Rome, this work depicts the culmination of the history of Apollo and Daphne.History:The sculpture was the last of a series of works commissioned by Cardinal Scipione.Most of the work was done in 1622-23, but there was a pause,so its was finished in 1625.This sculture was transferred to the Villa Borghese. -
Saint Peter's square project by Bernini
Saint Peter’s Square was designed by the architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini, at the behest of Pope Alexander VII. It was completed in 1667, after eleven years of intense and onerous work. The square is made up of an oval space with three centre (196 x 149 metres), with semicircular colonnades connected to the basilica by “arms” or closed ambulacra, delimiting a large trapezoidal-shaped area, with the largest side consisting of the façade. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
One of the most famous of the paintings by Velázquez, and an example of his great mythological works, is The Spinners, also known as The Fable of Arachne (Las Hilanderas). It was painted not for the king but for a private patron.The mythological story of the contest between the goddess Athena (Minerva to the Romans) and the mortal woman Arachne was perhaps told best by the Roman poet Ovid in his Metamorphoses (Book VI).Arachne was arrogant.She claimed that her ability rivaled the Athena goddess. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Neoclassicism was an art movement that sought to evoke the style of classical antiquity in writing, painting, sculpting, and architecture found in Greek and Roman culture. Neoclassicism was most popular between the late 18th century and early 19th century. But its influence still reverberates throughout the art world today. it changes how we think about classical art. And not just classical art as in “Greek and Roman art” but all art that we consider classical. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
In 1785 visitors to the Paris Salon (the official art exhibition organized by the Academy of Fine Arts) were transfixed by one painting, Jacques-Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii. It depicts three men, brothers, saluting toward three swords held up by their father as the women behind him grieve.The story of Oath of the Horatii came from a Roman legend first recounted by the Roman historian Livy involving a conflict between the Romans and a rival group from nearby Alba. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
The family of Charles IV is a collective portrait painted in 1800 by Francisco de Goya. It is kept in the Prado Museum in Madrid. Goya began working on the sketches—of which the Prado preserves five—in the spring of 1800.It belonged to the private collections of the Royal Palace of Madrid, where it appears in the inventory of 1814. It became part of the recently founded Prado Museum in 1824, by order of King Ferdinand VII, who appears in the painting.