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John Dalton and his Law of Definite Proportions
John Dalton's experiments showed that the known elements(Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen) combine in definite and constant proportions, he hypothesized that the elements were made of much smaller pieces of matter. -
Humphry Davy and Electricity
Humphry Davy conducted experiments in which he melted pot ash and ran wires from his battery into the pot ash and saw that pure potassium emerged and realized that chemicals react with electric currents to transform them. -
Avogadros finding of Molecules
After Avogadro studied Gay-Lussac's results, he found that gases were made up of molecules and from there chemists were now able to create new compounds. -
Friedrich Wöhle and his creation of Urea
At the time, scientist thought there was no relationship between organic and inorganic substances, but Wöhle conducted an experiment in which he placed two inorganic substances in a beaker, KOCN and (NH4)2SO4, and his results were urea, an organic substance isolated from substances in urine. -
Bunsen and Kirchhoff's Spectrascope
Bunsen and Kirchhoff experimented on certain substances to determine why they emitted certain colors. Kirchhoff remembered that a prism does the same and with the help of Bunsen, they built the first spectroscope. It helps determine the spectra coming from a heated substance. With the help of the spectroscope, they found cesium and rubidium. -
August Kekule's System for Chemical Structures
Kekule developed a system for visualizing the chemical structures of various molecules. Kekule found that benzene's structure was a ring. -
Dmitri Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Mendeleev constructed a table of elements, aligning each one next to another by their similarity in properties and by their atomic weights. He found that the elements were arranged into 7 horizontal groups. Mendeleev was so accurate that he predicted elements that were unknown at the time. -
Henri Becquerel and his work with Radiation
Becquerel conducted an experiment in which he found the source of radioactive rays that everyone was looking for. -
Joseph Thomson and the Electron
Thomson conducted an experiment using a cathode ray in which he found the ratio of the charged particle to its mass. -
Gilbert Lewis and his Structure
Lewis made a system that could explain how atoms use their electrons to bond to one another. Lewis's system allowed many other chemists to make a whole variety of chemical compounds