Unit 3 Part 2 Timeline.

Firearms introduced in Japan

1543 BCE

Portuguese Traders introduced matchlock firearms to Japan which then they quickly adopted and improved over time with there craftsman ship. the firearms are known as tanegashima and they revolutionized Japan's warfare playing a key role in there future battles. But after Japan was unified the tokugawa shogunate restricted firearms production which led to there decline in favor of traditional weapons like swords.

Portuguese began trade with Japan

1537 BCE

they began trade with Japan when a ship carrying Portuguese merchants took a turn and landed on Tanegashima where they introduced to them firearms. the Japanese soon after engaged in trade with the portuguese because they saw the value of there foreign goods. this trade went on for many decades with the Portuguese also introducing Christianity and western tech.

Portuguese Arrive in China

1517 BCE

the portugesse first arrived in China when a explorer named Jorge Alvares reached the southern coast during his search for trade routes in asia. after some time they established a trading presence in macau . The ming dynasty allowed them to use that as a commercial port in exchange for tribute and rent. Which that made Macau the first european settlement in China.

Onin War in Japan

1467 BCE

it was a civil war in Japan between the rival samurai supporting different successors of the Ashikaga Shogunate leading to destruction and political drama in Kyoto. the war ended without a clear victor and it severely weakened the central government by leaving the shogunate powerless and giving rise to daimyo. this conflict started the beginning of the sengoku period which was a time of social upheaval and feudal warfare.

Zheng He's Treasure Voyages

1405 BCE

he was a Ming dynasty admiral he led 7 treasure voyages between 1405 and 1433 he expanded chinese influence and trade across asia, middle east, and africa. he commanded massive fleets and established diplomatic tribes he also showed off Chinese naval power. after his voyages ended china turned inward and started focusing on internal affairs.

Ming Dynasty overthrows Mongols

1368 BCE

The ming dynasty overthrew the mongols in a series of rebellions led by Zhu Yuanzhang who then later became emperor Hongwu. the rebellions were fueled with widespread discontent of the mongols rule which included there heavy taxation, corruption, and famine that happened and ultimately sparked uprisings all among china. after defeating the mongols in the north Zhu established the ming dynasty restoring Han Chinese rule.

Ashikaga Shogunate begins in Japan

1336 BCE

this shogunate begin when Ashikaga Takauji who was a former general of the kamakura shogunate, turned against his master and seized power during the war. He declared himself a shogun and installed emperor komyo as a puppet ruler and this established his government in Kyoto. this time period was characterized by weak central authority, samurai conflicts, and growing power struggles.

Mongols failed invasion of Japan

1274 BCE

The Mongols tried to invade Japan twice but both times they ended up being defeated. Their first invasion was repelled after initial success but the second and larger invasion ended in a disaster. A typhoon destroyed most of their fleet these failures combined with the difficulty of Japan's strong defense is ultimately why they could never defeat them.

Kublai Khan establishes the Yuan Dynasty

1271 BCE

He established the Yuan Dynasty after defeating the song dynasty and completing the mongol conquest of china. He then adopted Chinese practices and moved the capital to Dabu where he declared himself emperor. he stabilized the empire and promoted trade especially the silk road, this helped strengthen the mongol rule and made the Yuan Dynasty the first Chinese foreign led-dynasty in history.

Mongol empire founded by Genghis Khan

1206 BCE

Kamakura Shogunate begins in Japan

1185 BCE

Began in 1185 after Minamoto no Yoritomo defeated the Taira clan in the war and then later established a military government officially becoming Japan's first Shogun. this shifted the court and power but also shifted it to a samurai-led feudal system with the shogunate ruling. His rule laid the foundation of 150 years of samurai dominance making it Japan's new social structure.

Song Dynasty Established

960 BCE

The song dynasty was established by Zhao Kuangyin who was a military general and seized power through a coup an declared himself a emperor. he reunified much of china after there fragmentation of the 5 dynasties and then kingdom periods. the dynasty also prioritized civil administration, economic growth, and cultural achievements.

Fall of the Tang Dynasty

907 BCE

The Tang dynasty fell after years of internal rebellion, military Weakness, and political corruption. the central government lost control and the powerful regional warlords became independent. the dynasty officially ended when Zhu Wen overthrew the last tang emperor.

Start of the Heian period in Japan

794 BCE

Began when the emperor Kanmu moved the capital from Nara to Heian Kyo which is now modern Kyoto but he did this to reduce the influence of powerful buddhist monasteries. this ended up marking the rise of the fujiwara clan and they dominated the imperial court by marrying there daughters into the imperial family and acting as a regent. this period is known for flourishing court culture, literature, and art.

An Lushan rebellion weakens Tang

755 BCE

The rebellion was a devastating uprising led by the tang general An Lushan who declared himself emperor and claimed the city. the Tang dynasty eventually suppressed the rebellion with the help from other foreign allies. The war did end up weakening the empire because it drained there economy, depopulated regions, also forced reliance on warlords it was a eventful fragmentation of the tang dynasty.

Wu Zetian becomes the only female emperor of china

690 BCE

She became China's only female leader because she rised through the imperial court , she was first a concubine of emperor Taizong and then later became the influential empress consort of his son. after his death she eliminated all the rivals she also controlled the throne for her son and eventually declared herself empress. she left a lasting impact on chinas culture and government style by political skill and strategic alliances.

Taika Reforms in Japan

645 BCE

These Reforms were a series of political and administrative changes and it was initiated by emperor Kotoku and this helped strengthen imperial rule by adopting Chinese style governance. the Reforms aimed to try and centralize power and abolish private land ownership. they also established a tax system where land belonged to the emperor. this helped laid out japans future bureaucratic and imperial structure.

End of Sui Dynasty

618 BCE

The Sui Dynasty ended in 618 CE when the emperor Yangdi was assassinated by his own officials after the widespread rebellion and military failures. the dynasty collapsed due to heavy taxation, forced labor for the massive projects for example the grand canal, and disastrous military campaigns against korea. After the fall of the sui, a former sui general Li Yuan seized power and established the Tang Dynasty.

Beginning of the Tang Dynasty

618 BCE

The tang dynasty began in 618CE when Emperor Gaozu, a former sui general, led a rebellion against the sui dynasty and seized power, after the emperor yangdi's assassination, Li Yuan established the Tang. By doing this he restored the stability of china and also reunified china once again. the tangs rise was significant because it went into a golden age of cultural, economic, and military expansion.

Wendi

604 BCE

he was the founder of the sui dynasty who reunified china after centuries of division after the fall of the han dynasty. he strengthened central authority by reforming the bureaucracy and promoting buddhism. his rule laid the foundation for the tang dynasty but his harsh policy's and forced later led to sui dynastys short life span.

Founding Of Sui Dynasty

581 BCE

The Sui Dynasty began when Emperor Wen who was a powerful general in the northern zhou dynasty, he seized the throne and unified china after centuries of division during the northern and southern dynasties periods. the reunification was significant because it restored the imperial rule. and also played down the foundation for economic, and political stability which would later influence the tang dynasty.

Sui Dynasty

581 BCE

sui dynasty reunified china after centuries of a division, and was founded by emperor Wendi. he helped strengthen the central authority and promoted buddhism. The sui dynasty has some major accomplishment for example the grand canal and military campaigns that helped extend china's borders.