-
Jan 7, 1179
Second Great Awakening
was a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800, and, after 1820 membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations, whose preachers led the movement. -
Lexington and Concord
Fought on April 19, 1775 within towns of Lexington and Concord near Boston. The outbreak was of open armed conflict between Britain and its thirteen colonies in North America. British regulars were ordered to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord. The British colonists fought and defeated three companies of the king’s troops at Concord. -
Second Continental Congress
Met on May 10, 1775 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania after the Revolutionary War began. They managed the colonial war efforts, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence. -
Battle at Bunker Hill
Took place on June 17, 1775 and was the first major battle where the British defeated the Americans. The Americans wanted to keep the British from leaving the city so they invaded Breed’s Hill, but the British won by driving the Americans off the hill. -
Olive Branch Petition
July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace of Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government. It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. -
Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine and was published on January 1, 1776, to encourage the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution. -
Declaration of Independence
Act of the Second Continental Congress adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the 13 British colonies in America were “free and independent states” and that “all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain” was dissolved. It explained the justifications for separation from the British crown. -
Battle of Saratoga
American victory resulting in the surrender of an entire British army invading New York from Canada. The British surrendered their entire army after being surrounded by much larger American militia forces. This secured the northern American states from further attacks out of Canada and prevented NE from being isolated. France entered the conflict on behalf of the Americans, thus dramatically improving the Americans’ chances in the war. Commonly seen as the turning point of the Revolution. -
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution for America, and it was created so that the government wouldn’t have complete control over the U.S. As a result the articles created a weak national government, and power was split between the states and the national government. It also led to many problems in our government. The only thing the Articles did right was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. -
Battle of Yorktown
Victory combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington. It proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War , as the surrender of Cornwallis’s army prompted the British government to eventually negotiate an end to the conflict. -
Treaty of Paris
Ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast o the Mississippi River. -
Period: to
Shays Rebellion
named after a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and one of the rebel leaders. several factors: financial difficulties brought about by a post-war economic depression, a credit squeeze caused by a lack of hard currency -
Shay’s Rebellion
Poor, veteran, farmers, burdened by debt stage a rebellion in Massachusetts that is quickly put down but reveals the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, paving the way for a stronger centralized government (U.S. Constitution). -
Northwest Ordinance
Act of the Congress of the Confederation that was passes on July 13, 1787. It created the Northwest Territory out of the region south of the Great Lakes. It established the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward across North America with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation. -
Consitutional Convention
In Philadelphia 1787 of representatives from each of the former Colonies, except Rhode Island -
XYZ Affair
three anonymous agents demanded payments to stop French plundering of American ships in 1797; refusal to pay the bribe led to two years of sea war with France -
Whiskey Rebellion
tax imposed on whiskey in 1791 by the federal government, series of attacks on excise agents. -
Chisholm v. Georgia
Two citizens of South Carolina brought suit against Georgia to recover British-owned property which had been confiscated by Georgia during the Revolutionary War. State officials refused to appear in court and vigorously denied the Court's jurisdiction. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. -
1880 presidential election
half breeds vs. stalwarts, James A Garfield won -
Revolution of 1800
named by Thomas Jefferson, he called this election a revolution because his party, the Republicans, peacefully and orderly received the power with nothing but acceptance by the federalists. -
Marbury v. Madison
A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. helped define the boundary between the executive and judicial branches of the American form of government -
Louisiana Purchase
Happened in 1803, when the United States paid approximately $15 million dollars for over 800,000 square miles of land, and President Thomas Jefferson headed this. Helped us explore new land like the Mississippi river and hoped to find a Northwest passage. (lewis and clark) -
Nonintercourse Act 1809
This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. The intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France. -
Embargo Act 1807
was a general embargo enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars. -
Fletcher v. Peck
The first case in (1810) which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, the decision also helped create a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts, and hinted that Native Americans did not hold title to their own lands. -
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Became a law, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. -
Period: to
War of 1812
U.S. declared war on Britain. Americans wanted to stop impressment. They also wanted Britain to stop arming the Indians. -
Treaty of Ghent
signed on Christmas Eve, 1814, ended the War of 1812 and established a new foreign policy dynamic between the United States and Great Britain. -
Election of 1816 (beginning of Era of Good Feelings)
James Monroe won (Democratic-Republican). The Federalists found themselves discredited by their opposition to the war and furthermore, President Madison had adopted such Federalist policies as a national bank and protective tariffs, which would give the Federalists few issues to campaign on. -
McColluch v. Maryland
In 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
The legislature changed the school's corporate charter by transferring the control of trustee appointments to the governor. -
Johnson v. McIntosh
decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that held that private citizens could not purchase lands from the Native Americans. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
operate steamboats in a certain area in New York and New Jersey. The other operated steamboats there as well, so one ought injunctive relief against the other. -
Election of 1824 (corrupt bargain)
John Q. Adams won. In the 1824 election, no outright majority was attained and the process required resolution in the House of Representative, whose Speaker and candidate in his own right, Henry Clay, gave his support to John Quincy Adams, and was then selected to be his Secretary of State. -
Texas Independence
On March 2, 1836 the settlers in Mexican Texas officially broke from Mexico, creating the Republic of Texas. -
Second Bank of United States
served as the nation's federally authorized central bank during its 20-year charter from February 1817 to January 1836. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Signed on August 9, 1842, it resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American Colonies. The disputed territory was split between Maine and British Canada. Also settled the boundary of the Minnesota territory. -
Election of 1844
The opposition of the annexation of Texas arouse because Texas allowed slavery. Democrat James K. Polk defeated the Wig Henry Clay, with Polk favoring the annexation of Texas. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1845):
created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820. -
Period: to
Mexican-American War
War between Mexico and the U.S. about the annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered to be apart of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution. The war ended in an American Victory and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo specified the major consequences of the war. -
Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico. Got passed by the House but was defeated in the Senate. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Was officially the peace treaty between the U.S. and the Mexican Republic that ended the Mexican-American War. The treaty called for Mexico to recognize the Rio Grande as the southern boarder for Texas. -
Compromise of 1850
defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the south and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican American War -
Uncle Toms Cabin:
1852, sold 300,000 copies in one year, an anti slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. -
Bleeding Kansas
a series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery free-staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian” elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the neighboring towns of Missouri between 1854 and 1861 -
Gadsden Purchase
Mexico agreed to sell thousands of acres of semidesert land to the U.S. for $10 million. The land forms the southern sections of present-day New Mexico and Arizona. -
Ostend Manifesto
A document written to describe the rational for the U.S. to buy Cuba and Spain while implying that the U.S. should go to war with Spain if they refused. -
Election of 1856
J Buchanan won-democrat -
Period: to
Panic of 1857
The economic boom ended in 1857 and a serious drop in prices, especially for Midwestern farmers and increased unemployment in northern cities. The south was less effected. -
Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)
scott wasn’t a citizen therefore not allowed to sue, he is not free, and congress cannot ban slavery in territories. -
Lincoln Douglas Debates (1858)
Lincoln and Douglas were trying for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature -
Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)
an attempt by the white abolitionist John Brown start an armed slave revolt in 1859 by seizing a United states arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. -
Election of 1860
Abe Lincoln won-republican. He wanted to create a protective tariff, internal improvements, and free homesteads. -
Period: to
Civil War (1861-1865):
between the confederates and the union-union won. -
Fort Sumter
shots initiating the American Civil War were fired -
Emancipation in 1863
It proclaimed all those enslaved in Confederate territory to be forever free, and ordered the Army to treat as free all those enslaved in ten states that were still in rebellion -
Panic of 1857
caused by inflation of California Gold Rush, 5,000 businesses fail -
Alaska Purchase
The acquisition of the Alaska territory by the U.S. from the Russian Empire by a treaty ratified by the Senate. The Russians feared a war with Britain that would allow Britain to seize Alaska. -
Dawes Act
authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Dawes Act was to stimulate assimilation of Indians into American society. Provided that the government would purchase Indian land and open it up for settlement by non-Indians. -
Pendleton Act (1883)
civil service act, the “magna carts” of civil service reform concerning federal govt. jobs. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
near Wounded Knee Creek. It was the last battle of theAmerican Indian Wars.
By the time it was over, at least 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota Sioux had been killed and 51 wounded -
U.S.S. Maine
Was the second commissioned battleship and the first U.S. navy ship to be named after the state of Maine. Sunk by an explosion in Cuba. -
Teller Amendment
Response to the president’s message, congress passed a join resolution on April 20th authorizing war. It also declared that the U.S. had no intention of taking political control of Cuba and peace was restored to them. -
Period: to
Spanish-American War
A conflict between Spain and the U.S. it only lasted a couple of months, often called “a splendid little war” with a victory for the U.S. -
Open Door Policy
A concept in foreign affairs, allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China. -
Platt Amendment
Made Cuba agree to certain terms, and Cuba accepted them adding them to their constitution. This allowed the U.S. to have oversight and control. -
Boxer Rebellion
A secret society of Chinese nationalists– the Society of Harmonious Fists or Boxers– attacked foreign settlements and killed dozens of Christian Missionaries. The U.S. troops imposed and made China pay huge amounts of indemnities. -
Panama Canal
Started in 1904 and was finished being built in 1914. Many people lost their lives in the process but it helped connect Central America to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Was a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine by President Roosevelt. It stated that the U.S. would intervene in conflicts between European nations and Latin American countries. -
Election of 1908
Between William Traft and William Jennings Bryan with a win for the republicans with William Taft. -
Gentlemen’s Agreement
An arranged a compromise with the Japanese created by President Roosevelt. It was a major cause of friction between Japan and the U.S., about laws concerning discrimination against Japanese Americans. -
Founding of the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization in the US. It was “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination”. Created after the race riot -
Period: to
Mexican Civil War (Revolution)
A major armed struggle that led to the creation of Partido Nacional Revolucionario ("National Revolutionary Party"). Over time the Revolution changed from a revolt against the established order to a multi-sided civil war -
Election of 1912
Between Taft, Roosevelt, Wilson and Debs. Wilson beat all of them and became president. -
Jones Act
Granted full territorial status to the certain country, granted a bill of rights and male suffrage to Filipino citizens and promised Philippine independence once there was a stable government. -
Period: to
First Red Scare
marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism. Concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society. -
Red Summer
race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities in the United States during the summer and early autumn of 1919. Whites attacked African Americans in some cases groups of blacks fought back, creating postwar social tensions. -
Period: to
Harlem Renaissance
known as the "New Negro Movement", centered in Harlem, NY. It was a time when they developed a new culture of jazz music and art. They felt like they were new people -
Election of 1932
Took place in the midst of the Great Depression. President FDR won and beat Hoover, and was soon to come up with his New Deal Plan. -
Period: to
New Deal
was a series of economic programs enacted in the U.S. between 1933 and 1936. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President FDR. Focused on the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. -
Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945. These two events represent the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date. -
Truman Doctrine
a foreign policy , 1947, provided economic and military aid, President Harry S. Truman -
Fall of China to Communism
was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT), or the Chinese Nationalist Party-led Nationalist Government of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China(CPC),[5] for the control of each other's territory -
Creation of NATO 1949
The treaty and the Soviet Berlin Blockade led to the creation of the Western European Union's Defense Organization in September 1948. The creation brought about some standardization of allied military terminology, procedures, and technology, which in many cases meant European countries adopting U.S. practices. -
Period: to
Korean War
was a war between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. It was primarily the result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. North Korea claims victory. -
Election of 1952
Dwight D. Eisenhower won, first time in a while for a republican to win. During this time, Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was escalating rapidly. -
Judiciary Act 1789
organized the Supreme Court, originally with five justices and a chief justice, It also created the attorney general's office, and branch of the U.S. government. -
Election of 1900
Republicans renominated McKinley, the democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan who argued for free silver. The deciding issue was the growing national economic prosperity, which convinced the majority to give McKinley a victory -
Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson won and beat out John Q Adams. The election saw the coming to power of Jacksonian Democracy, thus marking the transition from the First Party System to the Second Party System. -
Indian Removal Act 1830
was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The act authorized him to negotiate with the Indians in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands -
Nullification Crisis 1832
This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina. tariff was opposed in the South and parts of New England.
