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Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier, (born Aug. 26, 1743, Paris, France—died May 8, 1794, Paris), prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. -
Historical event
Mar 5 Boston Massacre: British soldiers kill 5 men throwing snowballs, stones and sticks at them.
Apr 19 British explorer Captain James Cook first sights Australia -
Dalton
John Dalton (1766 - 1844 C.E.) believed in Democritus' work. His theory consisted of four basic ideas
Matter is composed of atoms indivisible.
Atoms have identical properties, such as size and mass
Atoms are rearranged as a chemical reaction occurs
Compounds are formed by combination of multiple atoms.
They cannot be created or destroyed. -
Historical event
May 17 John Hawkins & Richard French patent the Reaping Machine
Jul 4 The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people by President Thomas Jefferson -
Dobereiner
He experimented with hydrogen on contact with powered platinum, he discovered the compound organic frutal.
• 1820-1821. Napoleon dies on Saint Helena, Napoleon Bonaparte dies on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic.
• March 3 & 6 – Slavery in the United States: The Missouri Compromise becomes law. -
Meyer and Mendeleev
Newland organized 14 of the elements known in mid 1860’s. Acceptance of the laws of octaves was hampred, law did not worked for all the new elements
February 22 – Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.
March 3 – The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau. -
Newlands
He proposed an organizational scheme for elements. He noticed that elements were arranged by increasing the mass.
• 15-16 December 1864: Battle of Nashville, Tennessee
• 12 April 1864: Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee -
Thomsom
Thomson (1856 – 1940 C.E.) discovered the electron. His work proved one of Dalton's ideas wrong, the atom was not indivisible, but in fact made up of multiple components. The discovery was made when he conducted an experiment with a cathode ray tube, when an electrical current was passed through, glowing material could be seen. When he put two electrically charged plated on opposite ends of the tube, the light was bent on the positive plate. -
Historical event
Jan 12 Isaac Pitman, British inventor (Pitman Shorthand) (b. 1813)
Jan 29 John E. Smith, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), dies at 80 -
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Historical events
Jan 12 Isaac Pitman, British inventor (Pitman Shorthand) (b. 1813)
Jan 29 John E. Smith, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), dies at 80 -
Planck
(1858 - 1947 C.E.) Called the father of quantum physics, invented the quantum theory. Quantum physics is mathematical interaction between particles in matter. Einstein used the quantum theory. -
Historical event
Feb 27 In London, the Trades Union Congress and the Independent Labour Party (formed in 1893) meet, results in a Labour Representative Committee and eventually the modern Labour Party in 1906
Sep 17 Commonwealth of Australia proclaimed -
Bohr
Neils Bohr (1885 - 1962 C.E.) created a new model of the atom. It consisted of electrons that orbited in "shells" or layers around the nucleus. As the energy level changed, so did the location of the electron. Neils Bohr was also the first to introduce the idea of the quantum mechanical model, where a cloud of electrons surrounds the nucleus. -
Historical event
Jan 16 British House of Commons accepts Home Rule for Ireland (but the Great War gets in the way of it happening)
Nov 6 Mahatma Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners' march in South Africa -
Moseley
He was not completely correct with several elements in his table.
He also recall that were unique number of protons in nucleus.
•Jan 29 Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, at Howard University, incorporates.
•Jan 30 UK House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill. -
Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937 C.E.) proved Thomson's atomic model to be incorrect. He is famous for his gold foil experiment which stated the existence of protons. He shot alpha particles at the gold foil, and observed where they hit. Most were undeflected, while the rest bounced off in different directions. -
Historical event
Mar 8 Russian "February Revolution" begins in earnest with protests celebrating International Woman's Day and riots in St Petersburg over food rations and conduct of the war
Apr 2 US President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany -
Heisenberg
( 1901-1976) His new theory was based only on what can be observed, that is to say, on the radiation emitted by the atom. We cannot, he said, always assign to an electron a position in space at a given time, nor follow it in its orbit, so that we cannot assume that the planetary orbits postulated by Niels Bohr actually exist. He formulated his new theory in terms of matrix equations. -
Historical event
Jan 3 Benito Mussolini dissolves the Italian parliament and proclaims himself dictator of Italy, taking the title "Il Duce" (the Leader)
Jul 18 Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice")